NUMBER 1, 24 JULY 2008
JOURNAL OF THE BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas ISSN 1934-5259 VOLUME 2 NUMBER 1 24 JULY 2008
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SYSTEMATICS
Xyris panacea (Xyridaceae)—a new yellow-eyed grass from the Florida panhandle Loran C. ANDERSON AND ROBERT KRAL
Molecular analysis of Solidaster cv. Lemore, a hybrid goldenrod (Asteraceae) EDWARD E. SCHILLING, JAMES B. BECK, PATRICK J. CALIE, AND RANDALL L. SMALL
Novae Gesneriaceae neotropicarum XV: Kohleria hypertrichosa, a new species of Gesneriaceae from northwestern Ecuador
JOHN LirTNER CLARK AND LAURENCE E. SKOG
Two new species of Guadua (Bambusoideae: Guaduinae) from Colombia and Bolivia XIMENA LONDONO AND ENEIDA ZURITA
Tetrazygia paralongicollis (Miconieae: Melastomataceae), a new species from the Sierra de Baoruco and Sierra Martin Garcia, Dominican Republi
WALTER S.. JUDD, GRETCHEN M. IoNTA, TEODORO CLASE, AND J. DAN defe ¿JR
Una nueva especie de Cuatresia (Solanaceae) de Costa Rica y Panamá
D. ARMANDO SOTO AND A.K. RO
Two new species of Baccharis sect. Caulopterae (Asteraceae: Astereae) from southern Brazil
ANGELO ALBERTO SCHNEIDER AND Ia Jop BOLDRINI
Two new Cotoneasters etuer Rosaceae) from Yunnan Province, China JEANETTE FRYER AND BERTIL HYL
Meliosma antioquiensis: una nueva Sabiaceae de Colombia
XAVIER CORNEJO
Anisocapparis y Monilicarpa: dos nuevos géneros de Capparaceae de América del Sur XAVIER CORNEJO, HuGH H. ILTIS, AND A. SPENCER TOMB
A revision of Colicodendron (Capparaceae)
XAVIER CORNEJO AND HuGH H. ILTIS
Revision of Gonolobus s.s. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) in the West Indies ALEXANDER KRINGS
Index of names and types in West Indian Gonolobinae (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae), including fourteen new lectotypifications, one neotypification, a new name, and a
new combination
ALEXANDER KRINGS
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the American Stipeae o resolves Jarava sensu lato polyphyletic: evidence for a new genus, Pappos
KONSTANTYN ROMASCHENKO, PAUL M. PETERSON, ROBERT J. e NURIA GARCIA-JACAS, OKSANA FUTORNA, AND ÁLFONSO SUSANNA
Infrageneric classification and nomenclatural notes for Pycnanthemum (Lamiaceae) KENTON L. CHAMBERS AND HENRIETTA L. CHAMBERS
Nomenclatural notes in North American Potentilla (Rosaceae)
BARBARA ERTTER
A synopsis of the Mexican and Central American species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) RosERT L. WILBUR AND JAMES L. LUTEYN
Re-discovery and typification of Thibaudia laurifolia, Macleania insignis,
and M. coccinea (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae), an adventurous history
James L. LUTEYN
Revision of Siphonandra (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae), a genus endemic to Peru and Bolivia
James L. LurEYN AND EDGARDO M. ORTIZ
139
165
193
207
243
Folia taxonomica 4. Conspectus of Myriopus (Heliotropiaceae: Boraginales) in the Guiana Shield
CHRISTIAN FEUILLET
Folia taxonomica 5. A new name for Passiflora heterophylla (Passifloraceae) from Cuba and Haiti
CHRISTIAN FEUILLET AND JOHN M. MACDOUGAL Folia taxonomica 6. Two new species of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) from the Venezuelan Guayana CHRISTIAN FEUILLET Folia taxonomica 7. Two new species and a new section in Episcia (Gesneriaceae) from the Venezuelan Guayana CHRISTIAN FEUILLET Folia taxonomica 8. Passiflora tecta (Passifloraceae), a new species in subgenus Passiflora from the Guianas CHRISTIAN FEUILLET A synopsis of Pachyphyllum (Orchidaceae) Eric A. CHRISTENSON Lectotypification and notes on Baccharis riograndensis (Asteraceae: Astereae) Gustavo HEIDEN AND ANGELO A. SCHNEIDER New species of Myrtaceae from Ecuador Bruce K. Hoist AND MARIA Lucia KAWASAKI Clarification of Borreria gymnocephala, Diodia gymnocephala, Diodia schumannii, Borreria flavovirens, and Spermacoce schumannii (Rubiaceae PIERO G. DELPRETE AND JOSEPH H. KIRKBRIDE, Jr. Aristidae eludendae II: a re-evaluation of the Aristida gibbosa complex (Poaceae: Aristideae), including A. marginalis, A. orizabensis, and A. sorzogonensis RoBERT T. STRAHAN AND KELLY W. ALLRED Taxonomy of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae: Bromeae) sections Bromopsis, Bromus, and Genea in British Columbia, Canada ` JEFFERY M. SAARELA Munrochloa, a new genus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) with a new combination from India MukrESH KUMAR AND M. REMESH Two new species of Cyperaceae from Peninsular India M.A. Wapoop KHAN AND P. LAKSHMINARASIMHAN Lyonothamneae, a new tribe in the Rosaceae (Rosales) Luc BROUILLET The taxonomy of North American loti (Fabaceae: Loteae): new names in Acmispon and Hosackia Luc BROUILLET Micranthes nelsoniana var. porsildiana (Saxifragaceae), the proper name at the varietal level Luc BrROUILLET Nomenclatural changes in Nemacladus (Campanulaceae) ANCY R. Morin Phylogenetic analysis of North American plums (Prunus sect. Prunocerasus: Rosaceae) based on nuclear LEAFY and s6pdh sequences JoserH R. ROHRER, MEGAN A. O'BRIEN, AND JULIE A. ANDERSON Recognition of three taxa of eastern North American “Waldsteinia” and their appropriate names when incorporated into Geum (Colurieae: Rosaceae) ALAN S. WEAKLEY AND KANCHI N. GANDHI
The genus Abronia (Nyctaginaceae) in Colorado, with notes on Abronia bolackii in New Mexico
JENNIFER ACKERFIELD AND WILLIAM F. JENNINGS
291
305
323
373
379
385
387
395
397
401
414
Further transfers of glandular-pubescent species from Chenopodium subg. Ambrosia
to Dysphania (Chenopodiaceae)
SERGEI L. MOSYAKIN AND STEVEN E. CLEMANTS
New combinations in the Panarctic vascular plant flora
REIDAR ELVEN AND David F. MURRAY
Heuchera woodsiaphila (Saxifragaceae), a new species from the Capitan Mountains
of New Mexico
PATRICK J. ALEXANDER
Three new species of Ixora (Rubiaceae) from the state of Tocantins, Brazil
PIERO G. DELPRETE
Lasiambix dominicensis gen. and sp. nov., a eudicot flower in Dominican amber showing affinities with Fabaceae subfamily Caesalpinioideae
GEORGE O. POINAR, JR., KENTON L. CHAMBERS, AND ALEX E. BROWN
Kruschke names in North American Crataegus (Rosaceae): a correction and clarifications J.B. Puiprs
Thomas Walter Typification Project, V: neotypes and epitypes for 63 Walter names of genera D through Z
DANIEL B. WARD
CHROMOSOME NUMBERS
Chromosome numbers for (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) JERRY G. CHMIELEWSKI
—
North American species of Antennaria
Chromosome number of Thevetia ahouai (Apocynaceae: Rauvolfoidae: Plumerieae) with discussion on the generic boundaries of Thevetia JUSTIN K. WILLIAMS AND JULIA K. STUTZMAN
ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY Anatomía foliar de algunas gramíneas alpinas y subalpinas del Eje Volcánico Transversal, México MARICELA GÓMEZ-SANCHEZ AND KATHIA GEORGINA TÉLLEZ-PIMIENTA
FLORISTICS, ECOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION
A novel design for a light weight and durable field press
CHARLES T. BRYSON AND RICHARD CARTER
Structure and diversity of a riparian forest at Kaieteur National Park, Guyana
CAROL L. KELLOFF
Rediscovery of Mirabilis hintoniorum (Nyctaginaceae), a striking four-o'clock endemic to the Sierra de Coalcomán, Michoacán, México
MARK FISHBEIN AND VICTOR W. STEINMANN
Floristic composition of seasonally dry tropical forest fragments in Central Bahia, northeastern Brazil
DOMINGOS Benício OLIVEIRA SILVA CARDOSO AND LUCIANO PAGANUCCI DE QUEIROZ
Diversity and floristic composition of the vascular plants in the forest fragment in southeastern Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
REGINA H.P. ANDREATA, HAROLDO C. DE LIMA, ANGELA S. FONSECA Vaz, JOSÉ FERNANDO A. BAUMGRATZ, AND SHEILA R. PROFICE
La familia Nymphaeaceae en el estado de Nuevo León, México
CARLOS VELAZCO-Macías, RAHIM FOROUGHBAKHCH POURNAVAB, MARCO A ALVARADO VAZQUEZ,
Y GLAFIRO J. ALANIS FLORES
425
433
473
475
575
593
Refugio de fitodiversidad en la ciudad de México, el caso de la cuenca del río Magdalena
V. ÁVILA-AKERBERG, B. GONZALEZ-HIDALGO, M. Nava-Lórez, Y L. ALMEIDA-LENERO 605 Praxelis clematidea (Asteraceae), a genus and species new for the Flora of North America
J. RICHARD ABBOTT, C. LEANN WHITE, AND S. BARRY DAVIS 621
Exotic species of Celtis (Cannabaceae) in the Flora of North America
ALAN T. WHITTEMORE
Luziola subintegra (Poaceae: Oryzeae), new to Florida and the United States Jonn M. KUNZER AND MICHAEL J. BODLE 633 New and noteworthy records of several non-native vascular plant species in Arkansas
Brett E. SERVISS AND JAMES H. PECK 637 Noteworthy vascular plant collections from northwest Louisiana
CHRISTOPHER S. REID, PATRICIA L. FAULKNER, BARBARA R. MACROBERTS, AND MICHAEL H. MACROBERTS 643
Silene flos-cuculi ssp. flos-cuculi (Caryophyllaceae) and Euphorbia peplus (Euphorbiaceae), new to North Carolina
DERICK B. POINDEXTER
Annotated checklist of the vascular flora of the Beech Creek Unit of the Big Thicket National Preserve, Tyler County, Texas
Larry E. Brown, BARBARA R. MACROBERTS, MICHAEL H. MACROBERTS, PAUL A. HARCOMBE, WARREN W. PRUESS, I. SANDRA ELSIK, AND SUZANNE BIRMINGHAM WALKER 651 Early historical references to the Big Thicket, Texas
MicHAEL H MACROBERTS AND BARBARA R. MACROBERTS 661 The Big Thicket of Texas as floristically unique habitat
MiCHAEL H. MACROBERTS AND BARBARA R. MACROBERTS 665 Seed germination response of Zizania texana (Poaceae: Oryzae) to soil inundation M.L. ALEXANDER
Predicting Viola guadalupensis (Violaceae) habitat in the Guadalupe Mountains using GIS: evidence of a new isolated population
Timothy C. MULLET, FRED ARMSTRONG, BENJAMIN ZANK, AND CHRISTOPHER M. RITZI 677 Annotated vascular flora of the Dead Horse Mountains, Big Bend National Park, Texas,
with notes on local vegetation communities and regional floristic relationships
JoseLYN FENSTERMACHER, A. MICHAEL POWELL, JOE SIROTNAK, AND MARTIN TERRY 685 Distribution and taxonomy of Symphyotrichum sericeum and S. pratense
(Asteraceae: Ástereae)
RoNALD L. Jones, C. THEO WITSELL, AND Guy L. NESOM 731 Ranunculus ficaria (Ranunculaceae), naturalized in Texas Guy L. NESOM 741 Paspalum vaginatum (Poaceae), a new threat to wetland diversity in southern California
RICHARD E. RIEFNER, JR. AND J. TRAVIS COLUMBUS 743
Book Reviews AND Notices 6, 52, 94, 164, 200, 206, 242, 262, 266, 274, 284, 290, 296, 304, 424, 432, 454, 472, 474, 494, 516, 546, 574, 604, 620, 642, 648, 664, 672, 740, 760
INDEX to new names and new binati in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1), 2008
Achillea alpina subsp. multiflora (Hook.) D.E Murray & Elven, comb. et stat. nov.—442 cmispon americanus var. helleri (Britton) SC EE nov.—388
Acmispon argophyllus (A. Gray) Brouillet, comb. n
Acmispon argophyllus var. adsurgens (Dunkle) Brouillet, comb. nov.—388
Acmispon argophyllus var. argenteus (Dunkle) Brouillet, comb. nov.—388
Acmispon argophyllus var. fremontii (A. Gray) Brouillet, comb. nov.—389
Acmispon argyraeus var. multicaulis (Ottley) Brouillet, comb. nov.—389
Acmispon argyraeus var. notitius (Isely) Brouillet, comb. nov.—
Acmispon argyreus (Greene) Brouillet, comb. nov.—389
Acmispon cytisoides (Benth.) Brouillet, comb. nov.—389
Acmispon dendroideus (Greene) Brouillet, comb. nov.—389
Acmispon dendroideus var. traskiae (Noddin) Brouillet, comb. nov.—389
Acmispon dendroideus var. veatchii (Greene) Brouillet, comb. nov.—389
Acmispon glabrus (Vogel) Brouillet, comb. nov.—
Acmispon glabrus var. brevialatus (Ottley) Brouillet, comb. nov.—390
Acmispon grandiflorus (Benth.) Brouillet, comb. nov.—390
Acmispon grandiflorus var. macranthus (Greene) Brouillet, comb. nov.—390
Acmispon greenei (Wooton & Standl.) Brouillet, comb. nov.
Acmispon haydonii (Orcutt) Brouillet, comb. nov.—3
Acmispon heermannii (Greene) Brouillet, comb. nov.—390
Acmispon heermannii var. orbicularis (A. idt raios comb. nov.—390
Acmispon intricatus (Eastw.) Brouillet, comb. n 390
Acmispon junceus (Benth.) Brouillet, comb. n 1
Acmispon junceus var. biolettii (Greene) Brouillet, comb. nov.—391
Acmispon maritimus var. brevivexillus (Ottley) Brouillet, comb. nov.—391
Acmispon mearnsii (Britt.) Brouillet, comb. nov.—391
Acmispon mearnsii var. equisolensis (J.L. Anderson) Brouillet, SE nov.—391 Acmispon micranthus (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) A comb. n 1
Acmispon nevadensis (S. Watson) Brouillet, comb. nov.—391
Acmispon nevadensis var. davidsonii (Greene) roule comb. nov.—391
Acmispon niveus (S. Watson) Brouillet, comb. nov.—3
Acmispon nudatus (Watson) Brouillet, comb. MK
Acmispon oroboides (Kunth) Brouillet, comb. nov.—391
Acmispon procumbens (Greene) Brouillet, comb. nov. —392
Acmispon procumbens var. jepsonii (Ottley) Brouillet, comb. nov.—392
Acmispon prostratus (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Brouillet, comb. nov.—392
Acmispon rigidus (Benth.) Brouillet, comb. nov.—392
Acmispon strigosus (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Brouillet, comb. nov.—392
Acmispon utahensis (Ottley) Brouillet, comb. nov.—392
Acmispon wrightii (A. Gray) Brouillet, comb. nov.—392
Anisocapparis X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis, gen. nov. —62
Anisocapparis speciosa (Griseb.) X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis, comb. nov.—
Arabidopsis petraea subsp. septentrionalis (N. Busch) Elven & D.F Murray, comb. nov.—438 Arabidopsis petraea subsp. umbrosa (Turcz. ex Steud.) Elven & D.F Murray, comb. nov.—439 Aristida sorzogonensis f. orizabensis (E. Fourn.) Strahan & Allred, comb. nov.—322 Artemisia kruhsiana subsp. alaskana (Rydb.) D.E Murray & Elven, comb. et stat. nov.—443 Baccharis apicifoliosa A.A. Schneid. & Boldrini, sp. nov.—45
Baccharis flexuosiramosa A A Schneid. & Boldrini, sp. nov.—48
Besleria neblinae Feuillet, sp. nov.—269
Besleria yatuana Feuillet, sp. nov.—
Bistorta elliptica (Willd. ex Spreng.) V.V. Petrovsky, D.E Murray & Elven, comb. nov.—435 Calamagrostis purpurascens subsp. laricina (Louis- EHE SEH comb. et stat. nov.—434 Calyptranthes websteri B. Holst & M.L. Kawasaki, sp. nov. sn
Colicodendron bahianum X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis, sp. nov—
Colicodendron valerabellum H.H. Iltis, T. Ruiz & G.S. Bong sp. nov.—82
Coptidium x spitsbergense (Hadac) Elven, comb. nov.—437
Cotoneaster floridus J. Fryer & B. Hylmó, sp. nov.—55
Cotoneaster qungbixiensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmó, sp. nov.—53 Cotoneaster series Sterniani J. Fryer & B. Hylmo, ser. nov.—53
Crataegus mollis var. incisifolia Kruschke, var. nov.—473
Crataegus schuettei var. gigantea Kruschke, var. nov.—473
Cuatresia amistadensis D.A. Soto & A.K. Monro, sp. nov. —41
Cyperus karthikeyanii Wad. Khan Sr Lakshmin., sp. nov.—379
Dryas punctata subsp. hookeriana (Juz.) Jurtz., comb. nov.—441 Dysphania andicola (Phil.) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—4 Dysphania bonariensis (Hook. f.) Mosyakin & Clemants, mm nov.—428 Dysphania burkartii (Aellen) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—428 Dysphania congolana (Hauman) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—429 Dysphania dissecta (Moq.) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—429 Dysphania dunosa (L.E. Simón) Mosyakin & Clemants, Ges nov.—428 Dysphania mandonii (S. Watson) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—429 Dysphania melanocarpa (J.M. Black) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—427
Dysphania minuata (Aellen) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—429 Dysphania nepalensis (Colla) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—428 Dysphania oblanceolata (Speg.) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—428 Dysphania procera (Hochst. ex Moq.) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—429 Dysphania pusilla (Hook. f.) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—427
y . nov. Dysphania stellata (Standley) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—429
Dysphania tomentosa (Thouars) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—428
Dysphania truncata (PG. Wilson) Mosyakin & Clemants, comb. nov.—427
Dysphania venturii (Aellen) ee & Clemants, comb. nov.—428
Episcia duidae Feuillet, sp. no
Episcia rubra Feuillet, sp. n »
Episcia sect. SEET Se Ene ) Feuillet, sect. nov.—
Equisetum arvense subsp. alpestre (Wahlenb.) Schónswetter & Elven, comb. et stat. nov.—433 Eugenia concava B. Holst & M.L. Kawasaki, sp. nov.—
Eugenia grossa B. Holst & M.L. Kawasaki, sp. nov.—299
Fimbristylis naikii Wad. Khan & Lakshmin., sp. nov. —381
Gentianopsis barbata subsp. raupii (A.E. Porsild) Elven, comb. nov.—442
Geum donianum (Tratt.) Weakley & Gandhi, comb. nov.—417
Guadua chaparensis Londoño & SCH sp. nov.—31
Guadua incana Londoño, sp. nov.—
Hedysarum boreale subsp. mees (Turcz.) D.E Murray & Elven, comb. et stat. nov.—441 Heuchera woodsiaphila PJ. Alexander, sp. nov.—448
Hosackia crassifolia var. otayensis (Moran ex Isely) Brouillet, e nov.—388
Hosackia oblongifolia var. cuprea (Greene) Brouillet, comb. n 388
Hosackia stipularis var. ottleyi = Brouillet, comb. eee a
Ixora araguaiensis Delprete, sp. no 56
Ixora congestiflora Delprete, sp. nov. 456
Ixora irwinii Delprete, sp. nov.—459
Koeleria pyramidata subsp. seminuda (Trautv.) Elven, comb. nov.—434
Kohleria hypertrichosa J.L. Clark & L.E. Skog, sp. nov. —
Lasiambix Poinar, Chambers & Brown, gen. nov.—464
Lasiambix dominicensis Poinar, Chambers & Brown, sp. nov. —464
Limnorchis aquilonis (Sheviak) Rebrist. & Elven, comb. nov. — 434
Limnorchis huronensis (Nutt.) Rebrist. & Elven, comb. nov.—434
Matelea costata var. goodfriendii (Proctor) Krings, comb. nov.—150
Matelea dictyopetala (Urb. & Ekman) Krings, comb. nov.—130
Matelea proctori Krings, nom. nov.—151
Matelea pubescens (Griseb.) Krings, iua nov. - 31
Meliosma antioquiensis X. Cornejo, sp. n
Micranthes hieraciifolia subsp. longifolia med & Irmsch.) Elven & D.F Murray, comb. nov.—439
Micranthes lyallii subsp. hultenii (Calder & Savile) Elven & D.E Murray, comb. nov.—440
Micranthes merkii (Fisch. ex Sternb.) Elven & D.E Murray, comb. nov.—440
Micratithes nelsoniana subsp. aestivalis (Fisch. & CA Mey.) Elven € D.F Murray, comb. nov.—440
Micranthes nelsoniana subsp. insularis (Hultén) Elven & D.E Murray, comb. nov.—440
Micranthes nelsoniana var. porsildiana (Calder & Savile) Gornall & H. Ohba, comb. nov.—395
Micranthes porsildiana (Calder & Savile) Elven & D.F Murray, comb. nov.—440
Micranthes redofskyi (Adams) Elven & D.E Murray, comb. nov.—441
Monilicarpa X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis, gen. nov.—-67
Monilicarpa brasiliana (Banks ex DC.), X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis, comb. nov —71
Monilicarpa tenuisiliqua (Jacq.) X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis, comb. nov.—70
Munrochloa M. Kumar & Remesh, gen. nov.—
Munrochloa ritchiei (Munro) M. Kumar & Remesh, comb. nov.—376
Myrcia subcordifolia B. Holst & M.L. Kawasaki, sp. nov.—303
Myriopus candidulus (Miers) Feuillet, comb. nov.—264
Myriopus maculatus (Jacq.) Feuillet, comb. pi i
Myriopus paniculatus (Chamisso) Feuillet, comb. no
Myriopus paniculatus var. spigeliiflorus (A. DC.) Bei ‘comb nov.—264
Nemacladus australis (Munz) Morin, comb. et stat. nov.—
Nemacladus calcaratus Morin, sp. nov.—
Nemacladus californicus (A. Gray) Morin, comb. nov.—397
Nemacladus orientalis (McVaugh) Morin, comb. et stat. nov.—398
Nemacladus secundiflorus var. robbinsii Morin, var. nov.—399
Nemacladus tenuis (McVaugh) Morin, comb. et stat. nov.—398
Nemacladus tenuis var. aliformis Morin, var. nov.—398
Orthaea laurifolia (M. Martens € Galeotti) Luteyn, comb. nov.—244
Pachyphyllum sect. Capitulum E.A. Christ. sect. nov.—288
Pachyphyllum sect. Orchidotypum (Kraenzl.) E.A. Christ., stat. nov.—287
Packera hyperborealis subsp. Pan e (Jurtz., Korobkov & VW Petrovsky) Jurtz., Korobkov & VV. Petrovsky, comb. nov.—
Papaver labradoricum CA T & Elven, comb. et stat. nov.—438
Pappostipa (Speg.) Romaschenko, PM. Peterson & oleo comb. et stat. nov—181
Pappostipa ameghinoi (Speg.) Romaschenko, comb. nov. 4
Pappostipa ameghinoi var. digona (Parodi) ponte semen comb. nov.—184
Pappostipa ameghinoi var. precordillerana (FA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—184
Pappostipa atacamensis (Parodi) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—
Pappostipa barrancaensis (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—184
Pappostipa braun-blanquetii (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—183
Pappostipa chrysophylla (E. Desv.) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—185
Pappostipa chrysophylla var. cordillerarum (Parodi) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—185
Pappostipa chrysophylla var. crispula (Kuntze) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—185
Pappostipa chrysophylla f minuta (FA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—185
Pappostipa chrysophylla f. modica (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—185
Pappostipa sect. Chrysovaginatae Romaschenko, sect. nov.—
Pappostipa chubutensis (Speg.) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—
Pappostipa chubutensis var. hirsutissima (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov. —185
Pappostipa frigida (Phil.) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—185
Pappostipa frigida var. parvispicula (Parodi) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—185
Pappostipa hieronymusii (Pilg.) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—183
Pappostipa humilis (Cav.) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—
Pappostipa humilis var. decrescens (Kuntze) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—185
Pappostipa humilis var. ruiziana (Parodi) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—185
Pappostipa ibarii (Phil.) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—1
Pappostipa ibarii var. anomala (Parodi) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—184
Pappostipa ibarii f pallescens (Parodi) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—184
Pappostipa maeviae (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—183
Pappostipa major (Speg.) Romaschenko, comb. et stat. nov.—184
Pappostipa malalhuensis (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, SEHR nov.—183
Pappostipa nana (Speg.) Romaschenko, comb. n 1
Pappostipa nicorae (FA. Roig) Romaschenko, s id 83
Pappostipa sect. Pappostipa, sect. nov. —182
Pappostipa parodiana (FA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—183
Pappostipa semperiana (FA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—183 Pappostipa sorianoi (Parodi) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—184
Pappostipa speciosa (Trin. & Rupr.) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—182 Pappostipa speciosa f. abscondita (FA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov —182 Pappostipa speciosa var. atuelensis (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—182
Pappostipa speciosa var. manqueclensis (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—182 Pappostipa speciosa var. media (Torres) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—182 Pappostipa speciosa var. parva (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—182 Pappostipa vaginata (Phil.) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—182
Pappostipa vaginata var. argyroidea (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—183 Pappostipa vaginata f. contracta (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—183 Pappostipa vaginata var. dilatata (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—183 Pappostipa vaginata f. inmersa (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—183 Pappostipa vaginata f. laevis (FA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—183
Pappostipa vatroensis (EA. Roig) Romaschenko, comb. nov.—184
Passiflora insueta Feuillet & MacDougal, nom. nov.—
Passiflora tecta Feuillet, sp. nov.—
Potentilla anserina subsp. yukonensis (Hultén) Soják ex Elven & D.F Murray, comb. nov. —441
Potentilla jepsonii Ertter, nom. nov.—
Puccinellia phryganodes subsp. neoarctica (Á. Lóve & D. Lóve) Elven, comb. et stat. nov.—435
Puccinellia phryganodes subsp. sibirica (Hadac & Á. Lóve) Elven, comb. nov.—435
Pycnanthemum sect. Californicae K.L. Chambers & H.L. Chambers, sect. nov.—195
Ranunculus subborealis subsp. pumilus (Wahlenb.) Elven, comb. nov.—437
Ranunculus subborealis subsp. villosus (Drabble) Elven, comb. et stat. nov.—438
Rhododendron tomentosum subsp. decumbens Elven & D.F Murray, comb. nov —441
Rosaceae tribus Lyonothamneae Brouillet, tribus nov.—385
Scorzoneroides autumnalis subsp. pratensis (Hornem.) Elven, comb. nov.—
Silene involucrata subsp. furcata (Raf.) VV. Petrovsky & Elven, comb. et stat. nov.—436
Silene soczavana var. macrosperma (A.E. Porsild) V.V. Petrovsky, D.E Murray & Elven, comb. et stat. nov.—436
ov. Silene villosula (Trautv.) VV. Petrovsky & Elven, comb. nov.—437 Silene violascens (Tolm.) V.V. Petrovsky & Elven, comb. nov.— 437 Siphonandra nervosa Luteyn & E.M. Ortiz, sp. nov.—25 Siphonandra santa-barbarense Luteyn & E.M. Ortiz, sp. nov.— Solidago multiradiata subsp. arctica (DC.) Korobkov & Elven, comb. et stat. nov.—443 Stuckenia filiformis subsp. borealis (Raf.) Tzvelev & Elven, comb. nov.—433 Tetrazygia paralongicollis Judd, lonta, Clase & Skean, sp. uc Vaccinium beamanianum Wilbur € Luteyn, nom. nov. —2 Vaccinium campanense Wilbur & Luteyn, sp. nov —234 Vaccinium chihuahuense Wilbur & Luteyn, sp. nov.— Vaccinium uliginosum subsp. vulcanorum (Kom.) Alsos & Elven, comb. et stat. nov.—442 Vahlodea latifolia subsp. paramushirensis (Kudó) Elven, comb. nov.—435 Xyris panacea L.C. Anderson & Kral, sp. nov.—
XYRIS PANACEA (XYRIDACEAE)—A NEW YELLOW-EYED GRASS FROM THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE
Loran C. Anderson Robert Kral Professor Emeritus, B e of Biological Science Professor Emeritus, Vanderbilt University lorida State University 1425 Pine Circle, ea Ge 32306-4370, U.S.A. Cairo, Georgia 31728, USA ABSTRACT
Á new species of apud de Brees (Xyris pane dip BEE ponds in the Big Bend area of the Florida panhandle (USA) is
technically described,
RESUMEN
Án intensive plant survey by the senior author of the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge included discovery of an unusual Xyris that in normal years would probably have been accessible only by boat, but the drought for the spring months of 2007 was the most severe on record for the Florida panhandle (USA). This enabled collecting the plants on foot—albeit I was up to my armpits in water on one occasion because at some sites the new Xyris grows on floating islands. The species description follows the format and terminology of Kral (2000)
Xyris panacea L.C. aida » Kral, EDEN (Figs. 1-2). Tyre: U.S.A. Froripa. Nao Coz 2 Mate ee
IT
Refuge, water of "droughted" y and Nymph dorata SE edge of P Field, ca. 1.7 air mi SW of RN Lat. 30.00742 N, bons 84.42203 W 23 Aug 2007, 1 C And 23,436 ( : FSU; isotypes: MO, NY, VDB).
Planta robusta, perennis, caespitosa, 7—10(-13) a ee incrassati, varie Pic (basibus in substratio profundo elongati,
ramificantes ascendentibus) cum (frequente) tibus. Folia pricinpalia rigid, disticha, anguste Habellate PEU ca. Der REECH cm longa, pou ee longiora; laminae planae vel leveter tortae, 3-58) mm latae, compres- sae, 1-2.5-plo vag , integrae, | pups RO dud contracti, incurato-acuti; li ae carinatae, ea ates bue eod : is, glabris, rufobrun
laminae gradati gentibuis, infimis gradati t is, dilute | li SE usque ad 1 lat oa a basin convolutae | icarinatae, | 1 lae, tortae, levit lticostatae, laminis erectis, planis, usque ad 15 cm longis et 3 mm ue Scapis MM recti, ee versus in sectio transversali elliptici, vallis unicostati, ca. 1 mm crassi. E a ovoideae go) cylindricae, 2-4(-4.5) cm EE obtusae, multibracteatae, | I convexis, ecarinatis, lat t anguste obovatis. Bract teriles pl i , pari infima cari- , rotundatis. B fertilies ] tanguste ol tae, 7-8 mm longae, See, lamprol lae, areis dorsalis
distinctis, lat I Sepala lateralia lil , anguste obl , 7-8 mm longa, pallide la; al inali sug li
iliat pil iliata.I i petal late ol te, 5mm longae, l latae, denticulatae. Staminodia bibrachi brachiis longipenicillatis. Anth blongae, ca. 2 mm longae, filiis ca. 0 Sfm longe Capsulae anguste obovoideae, ca. 5 mm SE dorsalit Semi bcylindri gula psoidea, 0.7-0.8 mm longa, translucida, brunneola, longitudinae valde
multicostata et subtiliter transversilineata.
Robust, solitary to cespitose perennials 7-10(-13) dm long, the bases typically slightly bulbous, firm, buried in a mucky, often submersed, substratum, thus periodically producing (on larger plants) elongate ascending branches (internodes) and new “rosettes,” the older, more basal nodes producing dense mats of pale, spongy roots, whereas new nodes produce spreading-arching stolons tipped with new plants. Princi- pal leaves subdistichously in narrow fans, ca. 32-45(-50) cm long, longer than the scape sheaths, entire, multicostulate, green proximally shading to red, flat or slightly twisted, 3-5(-8) mm wide, 1—2.5 times shorter than the sheathes, gradually narrowed to incurved-acute tips; sheathes entire, narrowly convex at
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very base, there laterally 1-11.5 cm wide, lustrous dark red aging red-brown or deep brown, distally keeled, gradually narrowing into blade, reddish shading to green, eligulate. Scape sheaths shorter than principal leaves, proximally convolute, sharply keeled, lust brown or red-brown, twisted, shallowly multicostate, distally opening to an erect, keeled blade. Scapes slender, erect, 60-115(-130) cm long, red-brown shading to green distally, oval or elliptic in cross-section and 1-1.2 mm wide with one firm, smooth costa. Spikes usually narrowly cylindric, also narrowly ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 2-4(-4.5) cm. long, obtuse, multi- bracteate, the bracts imbricate in high spiral, convex, ecarinate (except sometimes with carinate basal pair), broadly to narrowly obovate, entire and distinct dorsal areas. Sterile bracts several, shorter than the fertile and grading into them; fertile bracts 7-8 mm, lustrous dark to pale brown, in contrast to the subapical, broadly ovate to elliptic, gray-brown to dark green dorsal areas. Lateral sepals free, narrowly oblanceolate, /—8.5 mm long, inequilateral, the keel above middle (often) pilose, thence distally increasingly lacerocili- ate or pilose-ciliate, with tip acute and slightly to noticeably exserted. Petal blades broadly obovate, 8—9.5 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, apex shallowly rounded, denticulate. Staminodia 3-4.5 mm long, bibrachiate, branches elongate-penicillate. Anthers oblong, 2.5—3 mm long, on stout filaments 0.5—0.8 mm long. Styles 4.5—5 mm long, first ascending, then spreading horizontally between petals with age. Capsules narrowly obovoid, ca. 5 mm long, adaxial side plane, abaxial side convex; placentation 3-parietal. Seeds narrowly to broadly fusiform, 0.7-0.8 mm long, light brown, translucent, longitudinally strongly multiribbed with numerous finer, straight or diagonal connecting lines.
Etymology.—The specific epithet commemorates its geographical area (no curative powers are
known).
[| [| E al n.a H in LI dd nd
Common name. —*“St. Marks yellow-eyed grass” would be an appropriate common name
Phenology.—Transplants of all relevant collections were potted in orginal substrate and cultivated in a flooded wheelbarrow in Anderson's backyard for observation. The new species blooms from late June to early October. Flower buds unfurl and petals are fully expanded around 11:30 am (EDT); in a close associ- ate, X. fimbriata Elliott, the flowers open around 1:00 pm and stay open about two hours, whereas those of X. panacea remain open until around 4:00 pm. Flowers of X. smallinana Nash (in this region) open around 5:00 pm, and their flowering does not overlap with the other species. Flowering observations among the transplants were confirmed in the field.
Habitat.—The Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2006) lists ponds in the Panacea unit variously as “coastal depression ponds” or “basin lakes” or “flatwoods lakes.” The St. Marks yellow-eyed grass grows either in mucky, loosely matted sandy loam in shallow depression ponds in longleaf pinewoods (with stems bases submerged in 10 or more centimeters of water or in poorly congealed loam of floating islands in those depression ponds (with stem bases only slightly submerged). Some ponds are ringed with a thicket of Cyrilla racemiflora L., whereas others are bounded by Hypericum fasciculatum Lam. The new species was vouchered from five ponds in the area; it is presumably present in several other ponds that Anderson planned to visit, but his 2007 field season was terminated abruptly with a broken leg.
Associated species —Frequently seen taxa (other than other Xyris) at one or more sites include: Bacopa caroliniana (Walter) B.L. Rob. , Burmannia biflora L., Cyrilla racemiflora, Decodon verticillatus (L.) Elliott, Drosera intermedia Hayne, Eleocharis baldwinii (Torr.) Chapm., E. elongata Chapm., E. equisetoides (Elliott) Torr., Eriocaulon compressum Lam., Fuirena breviseta did pns F. N Michx., o repens Nuttall, Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam., H q th ( ) Dandy, Ludwigia alata Elliott, Lycopodiella appressa (Chapm.) Cranfill., Mayaca ee Aubl., Re laxum Shuttlew. ex Chapm., Nuphar advena (Aiton) W. Aiton ssp. orbiculata (Small) in m B iii pilis Sol., Nymphoides aquatica (J.F. Gmel.) Kuntze, Panicum verrucosum Muhl., Pontederia careyana Fernald, R. cephalantha A. Gray, R. tracyi Britton, Sagittaria inead L., Scleria — MERE Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf., Utricularia floridana Nash, U. juncea Vahl, and U. purpurea Walter.
Paratypes. Anderson 23,437 (AUA, FLAS, FSU, GA, USF, VDB, VSC), Anderson 23,438 (FLAS, FSU, GA, USCH, USF), R. Kral 98,248
B). Additional collections (all FLORIDA. Wakulla Co.: St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge). East Renfro Lake near type locality, Lat. 30.00754 N, Long. 84.42194 W., 7 Aug 2007, And 23396 (FSU, VDB); “Point 4 Pond” (0.4 mi S of Otter Lake Rd on Refuge Rd 319), Lat. 30.02258 N, Long. 84.40673 W, 4 Sep 2007, Anderson 23473 (FSU); “Point 8 Pond” (0.8 mi S of Otter Lake Rd on Refuge Rd 319), Lat.30.01715 N, Long. 84.40813 W, 4 Sep 2007, A ld eg d ap. penus side Rte 372 Dee Refuge Rd 334), Lat.30.02234 N, Long. 84.44504 W,11 Sep 2007, A dq th Lake, S of Refuge Rd 329, SW of Otter Lake, Lat.30.01434 N, Long. 84.42978 W, 25 Sep 2007, A And 23595 (ELAS, FSU, FIG, GA, MO, UNA, VSC).
DISCUSSION
The common associate Xyris in these ponds is X. fimbriata, a species of similar habit and pigmentation but with two scabrid scape costae (rather than a single, smooth one), with spikes mostly shorter and of broader outline, with lateral sepals strongly exserted, their keels densely fimbriate (Fig. 2). Also, a few diminutive flowering plants of X. jupicai L. Rich. were seen at the type locality. Ponds 3.8 km and 4.3 km NE of the new taxon’s range had the “X. panacea zone” replaced with X. smalliana exclusively, see Anderson 23456, 23457 (FSU, VDB). In the general area, though not an associate, is X. stricta Chapm., another tall species with similarly ascending, long-sheathed, slender-bladed leaves and similar pigmentation. This taxon also hasnarrowly ellipsoidal to subcylindric spikes with similar design of bracts. However, this taxon has scapes distally broader, flatter, actually 2-edged, its lateral sepals are broader, with broader, firmer, ciliolate keels whose tips are not exserted; its seeds are typically farinose.
The St. Marks yellow-eyed grass is distinctive with a suite of vegetative and floral features. The dark red stem bases are somewhat bulbous and firm (being pale green and soft in X. fimbriata or pale green and
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mucilagionous in X. smalliana); larger plants have stout vertical, rhizome The flowering scapes are smooth with weakly developed ribs below the spikes. The spikes are cylindric, longer than those of any other taxa in North America (Kral 2000). Flowers open earlier in the day and are larger than those of other species (equally large petals are found in X. caroliniana Walter, but that species differs in habitat and very many E e pd M More attention ae to be given to style position amongst North American species; the | X. panacea may be exclusively unique. The known range of the new species is ida Sech to warrant designating it a threatened or
endangered species.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Valuable logistical support (i.e., maps, gate keys, vehicles) was provided by the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge staff. Photographs of living material were taken by Ken Womble. Barry J. Conn, J.F. Hays III, and A.B. Thistle provided helpful suggestions on the manuscript. Funds from the Friends of the Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium (FSU) helped defray publication costs of this paper.
REFERENCES
KraL, H 2000. The Xyridaceae family. Flora N. Amer. 22:155-167. U.S. FisH AND WiLbure Service. 2006. St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan. Atlanta, Georgia.
BOOK REVIEW
Harry S. Paris. The Drawings of Antoine Nicholas Duchesne for his Natural History of the Gourds. (ISBN 9782856536049, hbk.). Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Publications Scientifiques, Dif- fusion 57 Rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. (Orders: www.mnhn.fr/publication, diff. pub mnhn.fr, 33 (0)1 40 79 48 d $257.00, 454 pp., 258 color plates, 17 1/2" x 12 3/4".
AT T VTA 1707075 I AË
(1747-1827) was born at ne Duchesne became a careful observer of nature under the tutelage of his scholarly and well-traveled father, and later ] (the secon d of the five de Jus- = [I1 x H Ae
x
Paris, in was da e o Linnaeus. Duchesne eo with Linnaeus ] s. Tho
4 e on botanical matters, particularly on his fi dh it was ird at «lI qo aj 1 H aut Ls lf.
1 1 + A f el 1 11 1 r PE rdg Reps O Cro “tar 1 1 ] +l 1 Cal 8 es WS? y) u :11 1 E | ] ELS ts T] 1 Linnaeus said, I g g oped that some botanists would de: pane: that they d each choose their pan a) ] ine it ttl ghly; in thi 14 1 1 Lë Gg 1 3 n liilaillitl 5 Is WWII ILL YY Duchesne’s first work, L’Histoi turelle des frasiers (Natural history of the strawberries), was mee in 1766 Wee ee was ony 19 years old. One product E this research EE his own | ical ill , in pencil and gh he | see them published in his lifetime). Duchesne was particularly i ted l l systems as they pertained to the creation of domesticated Mn and through cross- ane experiments he sans ed ae attempted to retrace "i arentage of) various le strawberry cultiv | what v tation of the doctrine of constanc zu immutability of speci intained by other MCN of his era. He called himself a cultivator botanist,” distinct from otl tanists who observed without After all, this was the Age of the Enlighten
His next major work boused on mpini: squash, and EDS of ie genus E de Cua a arose in the New Midi din thus only Kee Se to p NER after 1492. 1 Du the grown
YY VLA. i YY LA E Per a
I «1 4 latah] ] 1 : ] 1 1
day jos of northern summers. Duchesne was is drawn t to Cucurbita E its s incredibly varied fruit GE E to the En and hand of a botanical artist), |
ts, and a similar LA L + O 1 4 1 E ] E mt h q
nis d Seer v & e
AA [TA 1 DH re 1:71] 4 £41 1 TE «Lee a 231221 $ +51 +1 d re EL ke La
r entire collection of illustrati f Cucurbita is published for the first time. The author Dr. Harry Paris, one of the foremost experts on ia is Gees for aly locating Duc! : ] illustrat the Library of Ges e uid Museum in iu e 1 A EJE T. 1 D + A Li
6 idi are ae e Geste S illustrations, o of those cultivars coma called BECH These E idide Ee a nr] ne
Į Us are full-color watercolors (258 color plates). The primary focus is on the form and color pat- terns of fruits, and their textures, sia ing att to Wal d. f all kinds. Since this book is gigantic, many of these illustrations approach life-size. The works "e from hazy i isti g lingly photo-realistic pieces worthy of any Dutch Master's x Mi iau ER too are a number of D ] 's illustrati f Cucurbita fl d their developmental stages, and [ I f the vines, EE are more ee oe in nad
RE 1 LO 1 "- ( to h; y of Duchesne
y I . 8 and botanical significance of his work, as well as a chapter on the botany of tl Cucurbita pe à Ea e CN to scientific names. This is the sine qua non coffee table book fi un al E horticulture, or konica illustration, pary with the interpre-
1 4 1 H :11 4 +1 q ss
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tematists.— Aman eill, Director of the the Herbarium (BRIT-SMU- VDB), Botanical Puch Institute of Texas, 500 East 4th Street, Fort BEE Texas 76102-4025, U.S.A.
J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 6. 2008
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF SOLIDASTER CV. LEMORE, A HYBRID GOLDENROD (ASTERACEAE)
nana E SEHR James B. Beck
Depart FE y Biology Department of Biology University of Tennessee Washington University, Campus Box 1137 gie lene Sse hike. U. e i t. Louis, Missouri 63130, U author foi hilling@ lu) and Missouri Botanical Garden
St. Louis, Missouri 6313 Curent aaa Department of Biology y, th Carolina 27708, U.S.A
Patrick J. Calie Randall L. Small
A, Sciences Depart t of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Fastern Kentucky University University of Tennessee Richmond, Kentucky 40475, U.S.A Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, U.S.A. ABSTRACT ly : r 1 21 1 1TS and CTC 1 3-4 Ja Phi 1-45 I ir £ +1 » | OR EE | Cnlidaster CV. T emore 1 1 cds 1 1: 1, 1 1 2 gu 1e | Haras D + fil 1 1 1 f the g ic pl tof fits putative [ t the Upland White Aster, Said pt icoides. B fit perficial external alo: 2 H 2211 Ce P Ts | Aster, 1+1 C 1 +1 + CR 1 111 1 sified within salidas Phylog i is of the combined ITS S and ETS seq data sl 1 ti ] inclusion of S. Re _ Solidago, e on its a in a well supported clade ca d of al other sampled See of the g s. The IT S sequence a evidence of a hy "brid origin base base ss polymorphisms. C ing experi ] liff i idual ITS sequences, dentical to that obt d f SR 1 1 1 1 | TE E canade ensis Thuc DNA EEN E WH ] 1 Cl ] Lemore isa e brid Stee that involved a a Cross Kees 5. o ans i a The d further pu that Paus TE i Ct + x: re 1 1 1 + :11 11 nd [e] d us f lid [a] fad [e] I f I a L I I oO L r evolving markers. Key WORDS: Asteraceae, Astereae, Solidaster, Solidago, ITS, ETS, hybrid, phylogeny RESUMEN C "ES z -]- 0: 1 ] ] 1 JI "rte ere 1 1 1 1 s 1 1 1 ás a] Solidaster cv. Lemore, lti ] t tiemp yóq híbrido int genéri (Solid g Aster). Parte del análisi ae la evaluación e la Stee SC género de uno de los padres putativos, Solidago ptarmicoides. Debido al parecido externo de Actor ] ] J : f. t a 3.1 z 1 epe L sr L Kë L Solidago II xq. cz [=] Les J J LE ] 1.1 o 1.1 Tre ore PET d 1 14 fe 1 1 se 1 + i i
] yl + : J
de S ptarmicoides en Solidag
| z i Li Los cae de Sé secuencia Rene ITS de EE mostraron pruebas de un origen híbrido See en 4 presencia de varios una
r A : SN 1 y EA J Vi Tn A 1 1 J J; : E | dE O canas Pori x ds E + Lei L 1.7 Ja TARTA anima Em 1 Gs t Lemore es una r1 Liked I ] te d t S ptarmicoides Y 5. canadensis. Los datos indi d lid ible, Futhami inifoli tal de Solidaster Fue también E r 7 e + ? Is
matakhla la falta da ri AAA AA la secuencia de TTE cp ETE + E d Cuba DE pe ] + ] EI
e dix ^ Ir Le a a] L
J J 1 m z 2 5]
[e] L Y
Consideration of the role of hybridization in evolution has received new impetus SIM the availability of molecular genetic data (Arnold 2006). It has long been clear that intersy y is a widespread
J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 7 — 18. 2008
[| E ai n.a D in L | L'ALA ET TEA!
phenomenon in plants, with numerous clearly documented examples (e.g., Grant 1980), but there are still questions regarding its evolutionary significance. Of perhaps greatest interest is hybridization between species of lineages that have diverged morphologically to the point of being recognized as distinct genera. This represents a potentially dramatic reversal of the process of evolution, which is normally considered to be divergent, and it also presents a challenge to systematic classification based on phylogeny. It is thus of considerable interest to examine closely possible cases of intergeneric hybridization to be able to assess how frequently this phenomenon occurs.
A persistent myth is that intergeneric hybridization is common and perhaps even pervasive within Asteraceae. For example, Robinson (1983) and King and Robinson (1987) invoke intergeneric hybridiza- tion as an explanation for discordant distribution of morphological characters in Liabeae and Eupatorieae, respectively. A search of the literature, however, reveals few well documented cases of natural intergeneric hybridization in Asteraceae. Naturally occurring intergeneric hybrids have recently been documented by McKenzie et al. (2004) and Saito et al. (2006). In some cases, artificial intergeneric hybrids have been made successfully (e.g., Powell 1985; Carr 2003), and studies have found incongruence between nuclear and chloroplast markers suggestive of past wide hybridization (Schilling & Panero 1996; Fehrer et al. 2007). But documentation of intergeneric hybrids in most groups remains elusive. This prompted us to undertake a detailed study of a putative case of intergeneric hybridization within the Astereae.
The name of the horticultural plant known as Solidaster cv. Lemore (Fig. 1) reflects its presumed hybrid origin as a cross between species of Solidago L. and Aster L. The plant is unknown in the wild, but appeared in European gard Iter the import of plants from North America (Nesom 1993). Its status as an intergeneric hybrid depends in part, however, on the classification of one of its putative parents, the Upland White Aster, which has been variously placed in Aster, Solidago, and Oligoneuron Small. The Upland White Aster, S. ptarmicoides (Torrey & A. Gray) B. Boivin, has long been a source of puzzlement for taxonomists. Its superficial outward appearance, especially its open corymbose and relatively large heads with white rays and disk flowers, seems clearly that of an aster, as traditionally conceived, and is reflected in its common name. Despite this, considerable evidence has PEEL a bal affinity to the goldenrods, including the observation of abundant natural hybrids with species go (Boivin 1972), considerations
of phytogeography and technical features of morphology (Brouillet & apie 1981), and a chloroplast DNA restriction site study placing it within Solidago L. tl al et al e Nev ertheless, it is still widely referred
to as an Aster s.l. Another, somewhat different int tion of the genus Oligoneuron as distinct from Solidago (e.g., Nesom 1993), which would include the Upland | White Aster as well as five other species. Although the second parent of Solidaster has generally | considered to be a Solidago, particularly
S. canadensis (Brouillet & Semple 1981), Nesom (1993) suggested that based on morphology it was more likely to be Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt.
The taxonomic history of the Upland White Aster, Solidago ptarmicoides, has been reviewed by Brouillet and Semple (1981), and only a brief summary will be presented here. Not only the generic placement but also its species epithet has varied. The plant was originally described by Nuttallin Inula L., where it received the appropriate epithet alba for its white rays and disk HOMES Menem GE to either Aster or Solidago this epithet proved to be already occupied, and the alt its | to Achillea ptarmica L., a widely cultivated garden plant; Fernald 1950) v was BE ig Nees. When placed in still another genus, such as Oligoneuron (e.g., Nesom 1993), it reverts to the epithet album. Over its taxonomic history, the species has been placed in nine separate genera by various authors (Semple & Cook 2006).
The taxonomic treatment of Solidago has been notoriously difficult (Semple & Cook 2006). Although there are a large number of e similar SE in eastern North America, no clearcut morphological apomorphy has been discovered that genus. Similarly, delimitation of infrageneric
groups has been elusive as has aa and ion of individual species, many of which differ from one another by minute details of inflorescence form or pubescence. The situation is further compli- cated by the frequent occurrence of both interspecific hybridization and polyploidy. Some representatives
Schillina et al.. Molecul lysis of Solidaster cv. Lemore 9 pa E d
Fic. 1. Solidaster cv. Lemore, habit
of the genus are quite common and widespread and are particularly significant as dominants during early successional stages of old fields, where several are components of a well studied ecological model system (e.g., Abrahamson et al. 2005). Additionally, Solidago taxa have become invasive in Europe (Weber 2001) and Asia (Dong et al. 2006), and are being used as models to understand the general evolution and ecology of invasive species (Van Kleunen & Schmidt 2003; Jakobs et al. 2004; Meyer et al. 2005). The abundance and ecological importance of Solidago therefore make a sound taxonomy highly desirable.
A number of studies have applied molecular data to the resolution of systematic problems in Astereae (Suh & Simpson 1990; Morgan & Simpson 1992; Lane et al. 1996; Zhang 1996; Noyes & Rieseberg 1999; Roberts & Urbatsch 2003; Urbatsch et al. 2003; Beck et al. 2004), so a considerable body of molecular data has begun to accumulate for the tribe. Other than a chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis (Zhang 1996; Semple et al. 1999), there has been no focus as yet for DNA sequence analysis on Solidago, although a few sequences are available from other work. As part of an initial survey for suitable molecular markers, we analyzed ITS and ETS sequence variation for several samples of Solidago that represented the major subunits of the genus, as delimited by Semple and Cook (2006). Although the lack of suitable variation in these markers led us to abandon any attempt to make a complete survey of the genus, one of the species that we sampled was S. ptarmicoides, and sufficient data have been acquired to allow for an assessment of its generic placement, as well as to clarify the parentage of its hybrid offspring, Solidaster cv. Lemore, which we report
here. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant Material
A sample of Solidaster cv. Lemore (Fig. 1) was grown from material obtained commercially (Bluestone Perennials, Ohio, USA). Samples of Solidago (Appendix) were either collected in the field or obtained from herbarium specimens. Sampling was designed to include at least one member of each of the currently rec- ognized sections and subsections of the genus (Semple & Cook 2006). To evaluate intraspecific variability, multiple accessions of four species (S. canadensis, S. riddellii, S. ptarmicoides, and S. nitida) as well as an additional sample of Brintonia discoidea were analyzed. Note that we have elected to follow the most recent treatment of Solidago (Semple & Cook 2006), which deviates from nomenclature used in our earlier paper
10 | tl | ical | f Texas 2(1)
(Beck et al. 2004) by including Oligoneuron within Solidago but recognizing Brintonia parate from it; the classification of related genera also follows the Flora of North America treatments.
Molecular Methods Preparations of total DNA made from fresh (0.5-2.0 g) leaves generally followed the procedure of Doyle and Doyle (1987), and those from herbarium material (ca. 0.1 g) were performed with the Dneasy Plant Minikit (Qiagen, Valencia CA). The crude DNA extracts of some samples required further purification using the Wizard Kit protocol (Promega, Madison, Wisconsin). Methods for DNA amplification and sequencing were as described in Schmidt and Schilling (2000). Amplification and sequencing reactions for the IT'S region were both performed using primers “ITS-4” and “ITS-5” (White et al. 1990). Amplification and sequencing reactions for the ETS region were performed using primers Ast-1 (Markos & Baldwin 2001) and 18-S-ETS (Baldwin & Markos 1998). All PCR products were checked by agarose gel electrophoresis. Sequencing was done at the University of Tennessee Automated Sequencing Facility, utilizing the ABI Prism Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing reaction kit on an ABI 373 or ABI 3100 DNA sequencer (Perkin-Elmer Inc. Foster City, CA). The initial sequence data text files were edited following comparison with the same data displayed in four-color electropherograms before further analysis. Sequence alignment was performed using the Clustal X (version 1.6) program (Thompson et al. 1994
RIDE of the ITS region for the sample of Solidaster cv. Lemore was undertaken to confirm ITS poly-
| from direct sequencing. The purified PCR products were ligated into pGEM-T (Promega, Madison: Wisconsin) according to the manufacturers instructions. Competent Topl0 Fº (Invitrogen, San Diego, California) cells were transformed via electroporation and the resulting colonies were screened for plasmas d inserts by PCR using the original amplification primers. Plasmids were isolated from single g an alkaline lysis/PEG precipitation protocol (Sambrook et al. 1989). Sequences
were obtained for ten independent clones.
Data for additional ITS and ETS sequences for Solidago were obtained from GenBank, as well as for all of the samples placed in the same clade as Solidago s.s. in Beck et al. (2004; “Clade III”). Two data sets were analyzed, the first of which utilized ITS sequences from a broad sampling of Solidago, with samples of Brintonia discoidea as outgroups. The second utilized both ITS and ETS data with a broader sampling of related genera (Appendix) to assess the placement of Solidago ptarmicoides and of Oligoneuron relative to other Solidago, and samples of Sericocarpus tortifolius and Cuniculotinus gramineus were added as outgroups for this analysis. ENEE E were analyzed using both maximum parsimony and Bayesian approaches. Parsimony analys ted using PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003), with gaps treated as missing data, using a heuristic ac with 1,000 random addition replicates and with TBR branch swapping. Bootstrap analysis (Felsenstein 1985) was performed with 10,000 replicates using the FASTSTEP search option. Bayesian analysis was implemented in MRBAYES 3.0B4 (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist 2001) run for ten million generations with four separate chains and trees saved every 100 generations. The number of trees to discard as “burn-in” was assessed by plotting likelihoods of trees sampled throughout the run and discarding all trees prior to the stable likelihood plateau (in both analyses the first 10% were discarded). An appropriate maximum likelihood model of sequence evolution (GTR+I+G; General Time Reversible model with a proportion of invariant sites and gamma distributed rates) for the Bayesian analysis was chosen for both analyses using Modeltest (Posada & Crandall 1998).
RESULTS
Newly obtained ITS sequences for Solidaster cv. Lemore and for Solidago were consistent in length with previous reports for the genus. In particular, there was extraordinarily little variation in length among any of the sampled members of the genus; eae Sequence lengths varied from 627-629 bp. Insertion of single 1 bp indels ired for five samples (tl 1 two deletions) to produce a completely aligned matrix of length 631 bp for Ee entire ITS region. Similarly, there was little sequence length varia- tion in allied genera, with individual sequences varying from 627-630 bp, and the aligned matrix was of
Schilling et al., Molecul lysis of Solidast Lemore 11
bi a 634. Tasse was also ony limited Palo variation between species of Solidago for the ITS region; airwise comparisons revealed sequence divergence f generally less than 1%, with total differences between samples of 1- 10 bp. Samples of Bier senem: were generally, although not always, more divergent, with pairwise divergence values of 1-3% and total differences of 7-19 bp. The sample of Sericocarpus tortifolius differed from all Solidago samples for at least 15 bp, but was still relatively similar, with overall divergence values of 2—396; the sample of Cuniculotinus gramineus was somewhat more divergent, differing by 23—29 bp (496 overall divergence) from samples of Solidago. In the five species (S. canadensis, S. riddellii, S. nitida, S. ptarmicoides, and Brintonia discoidea) where multiple accessions were examined there was at most one bp difference among samples and no evidence of nonmonophyly. The ITS sequence for Solidaster cv. Lemore was very similar to other Solidago sequences, but displayed bp polymorphisms (Fig. 2) at the following positions: 18 (A/G), 106 (C/A); 514 (C/T), 611 (G/T), 612 (C/T), 613 (A/G). Visual inspection revealed that this pattern of bp polymorphisms would fit exactly with a com- bination of the ITS sequences characteristic of S. ptarmicoides and S. canadensis (Fig 2.) Cloned ITS repeats from Solidaster cv. Lemore exhibited ITS sequences that matched closely either those of S. ptarmicoides or those of S. canadensis. Phylogenetic analysis in comparison to a broad sampling of Solidago showed that
consensus sequences from the clones clustered with some ESTE DEEN ie those Eon S. pone D D D D TI J is į e
and S. Roques id 3), on E pr g polymorj 1 from direct
f a combination of tl f th ies. The ITS sequence
of uland graminifolia, proposed by Nesom (1993) as the second potential parent of Solidaster, has been shown to be relatively divergent from those of Solidago (Noyes and Rieseberg 1999), and its reported ITS sequence (GenBank AF046982) differs from that of S. ptarmicoides by 4 indels as well as a minimum of 32 bp. Because the ITS sequence of Solidaster cv. Lemore did not show any evidence of indel polymorphisms, and only a few bp polymorphisms, Euthamia graminifolia is clearly not one of its parents.
Approximately 450 bp of the ETS region were amplified for each sample of Solidago with the primer pair 18S-ETS and Ast-1. Removing regions of poor sequence and uncertain alignment produced a matrix with a total length of 444 bp, including 18 bp of 18S coding sequence. As with ITS, length variation among sequences was minimal among Solidago samples: only a single 1 bp deletion in S. patula, and only a single 1 bp insertion in Stenotus and a 3 bp deletion in both outgroup taxa, Cuniculotinus and Sericocarpus, were required for complete alignment of this portion of the ETS region. Levels of sequence divergence for ETS were similar to those for ITS, with pairwise divergence values among Solidago samples of 0-1% (0-4 bp) and among all samples reaching a maximum of 4% (17 bp). The ETS sequence of Solidaster cv. Lemore was basically identical to that of S. ptarmicoides, although each sequence ex hibited a single, non-informative bp polymorphism (position 124 in Solidaster, 36 in S. tadas both A/G). Other than the polymorphic positions, the ETS sequence of S. canadensis differed from those of S. ptarmicoides at only a single position, and there was no evidence of polymorphism in the sequence of Solidaster cv. Lemore at this position.
For phylogenetic analysis to assess the placement of S. ptarmicoides relative to Solidago, the ITS and ETS sequence data were analyzed together, producing a combined matrix of 1078 bp in which there were 46 potentially parsimony-informative characters and 85 additional variable but parsimony-uninformative characters. The results of phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 4) reflected the overall low levels of divergence in providing a poorly Ee tree with ne dni > ver of EEN for many branches. The results of the parsimony and Bayesian h the Bayesian tree was more resolved. A monophyletic group m to clade HI af Beck et al. (2004) was defined relative to Cuniculotinus gramineus and Sericocarpus tortifolius with a posterior probability of 1.00 (Bayesian) and 100% (bootstrap), respectively. At the next level of branching there was a large polytomy in the strict consensus tree, within which there was a strongly supported clade formed by the three species of Chrysothamnus, C. scopulorum, C. stylosus, and C. viscidiflorus (1.00; 99%), a variably supported clade with Petradoria and Stenotus (0.97; 57%), and a strongly supported clade formed by Solidago, Chrysoma, and Brintonia (1.00; 76%). Within the last clade, there was a Chrysoma + Brintonia clade (0.79; <50%) that was sister to a Solidago s.s. clade (1.00; 69%). Within the Solidago s.s. clade, there was littl lution in the tree, with the only bootstrap
y yy
S. ptarmicoides | C ^ ^ CG C G T TG T CAT G A À T CAA!
S. canadensis [cAAcCGCGT T GG T GT G AA T CA |
l 240 250 Solidaster CAACGCGTTGGTGTG AA TI CA A
bw 2
its putative parents, 5. canadensis and $. ptarmicoides.
support greater than 80% for multispecific clades going to a strongly supported S. canadensis + S. gigantea clade (1.00; 94%); weaker support was provided to clades consisting of S. rigida + S. ohiensis (0.99; 64%), S. caesia + S. riddellii (0.62; 64%), and S. arguta + S. patula (0.50; <50%). The three samples of S. ptarmicoides were placed in a large polytomy with other members of the genus (Fig. 4). Results of the Bayesian analysis also provided weak to strong support for ci ps Geet less than 50% bootstrap support, Ge Petradoria/Stenotus with Solidago/Chry 'B Oreochrysum 4 Tonestus (0.51), with sequential addition e Lorandersonia (0.52), and Eastwoodia (0.76), and this clade combined with the three species of Chrysothamnus (0.60). These results are pletely congruent with those presented by Urbatsch et al. (2003) in placing Oligoneuron within Solidago as well as showing Chrysoma as a near outgroup to Solidago relative to Sericocarpus. They also support the revised classification of Chrysothamnus and related genera presented by Urbatsch et al. (2005).
clades not present in the strict
DISCUSSION
Molecular data showed that Solidaster cv. Lemore is not an intergeneric hybrid by providing evidence not only to identify its parents (Figs. 2, 3) but to show clearly that both are accurately placed as members of Solidago (Figs. 3, 4). The combination of Solidago ptarmicoides and S. canadensis as its progenitors fits well with what is known of the origin of Solidaster, and has been proposed previously (e.g., Brouillet & Semple 1981). It has been clear based on morphology that S. ptarmicoides was one of the parents, and S. canadensis was one of the few goldenrod species naturalized near the nursery where Solidaster was first discovered (Nesom 1993). Although Solidaster does not show complete additivity in morphological features relative to S. ptarmicoides and S. canadensis (Nesom 1993), there are now numerous well documented cases of hybrids failing to exhibit one or more seemingly characteristic traits of their progenitors (Rieseberg 1995). Note that these results apply specifically to the cultivar Lemore, and other material marketed as “Solidaster” (or in florists shops as “Aster”), which may exhibit somewhat different morphologies, may not have a common origin. Laureto and Barkmann (2005, pers. comm.) present molecular-based evidence for the hybrid origin of another species, S. houghtonii Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray, that involves members of sect. Ptarmicoidei (S.
riddellii) and sect. Triplinerve (S. gigantea), and similarly does not show additivity in morphology. Ge of Euthamia graminifolia as a potential parent of Solidaster also refut ther potential interg
ization hypothesis (Nesom 1993).
Schilling etal 1 M
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Solidago canadensis Solidago gigantea Solidago fistulosa Solidago sempervirens Solidago shortii
Solidago ngida* Solidago ohiensis* Solidago arguta Solidago patula Solidago caesia Solidago riddellii 1* Solidago riddeilii 2* Solidago nddeliii 3* Solidago virgaurea Solidago nitida 1* Solidago nitida 2* Solidago nitida 3* Solidago ptarmicoides 1* Solidago ptamicoides 2* Solidago ptamicoides 3* Brintonia discoidea 1 Brintonia discoidea 2 Chrysoma pauciflosculosa Petradoria pumila Stenotus acaulis Columbiadona hallii Oreochrysum parryi Tonestus pygmaeus Lorandersonia linifolia Eastwoodia elegans Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Chrysothamnus scopulorum Chrysothamnus stylosus Cuniculotinus gramineus
Sericocarpus tortifolius
land, C1—0.69, RI=0.85, obtained f
a EITE AUTE Jak Shawn le
A LL
dis rea Li LEE j frre
hai +
Schilling et al Molecul lysis of Solidast Lemore 15 - E TS
The major conclusion from phylogenetic analysis of ITS = ETS sequence data is that there is strong
support for the inclusion of S. ptarmicoides within Solidago. PI learly placed it in the clade EE to Solidago s.s s Fig, 4), ine it Seneca in lle sequence (ITS and ETS combined) from other lit ff (vs. S. shortii). There wa sequence
data to segregate Oligoneuron, presea in the data set by five of its six species dude S. ET as a distinct genus; the combined ITS and ETS data in fact placed one of the Oligoneuron species, S. riddellii, with S. caesia from sect. Solidago, albeit with only weak support (Fig. 3, 4; see asterisks). The sequence data did, however, provide weak support for restricting the limits of Solidago to exclude Brintonia and Chrysoma, although the group formed by inclusion of these genera with Solidago would be monophyletic. These results Cd mirror those presented by ara Kee reproduced in Semple et al. 1999) dran on pepe
NA restriction site data, and ] tional support for the most recent and
treatment of the abovementioned taxa (Semple & Cook 2006).
A notable aspect of the ITS and ETS sequence data was the striking lack of divergence among mem- bers of Solidago. By contrast, ITS divergence in Eupatorium L. another genus of Asteraceae with a similar geographic range and occurrence in old field habitats, is 2-6% between species (12-43 bp differences; Schmidt & Schilling 2000; Schilling et al. 2007); Eupatorium is further differentiated from Eutrochium Raf., which are widely treated as congeners, by two indels (loss of a 13 bp region in Eupatorium and addition of a 3 bp region in Eutrochium) in addition to a minimum of 896 (33—61 bp) divergence. It should be noted that a previous chloroplast RFLP analysis (Zhang 1996) reports a higher level of variation within Solidago, and the resulting phylogeny strongly supports certain previously hypothesized groups. These contrasting levels of phylogenetic signal are best explained by the relative amount of DNA sequence scored in each study. Extrapolating from the values reported in Lane et al. (1996), approximately 2.5—3 kb of chloroplast sequence was assessed for variation in the Zhang study, compared to the approximately 1.1 kb ITS/ETS dataset analyzed here. In addition, previous work in Asteraceae indicates that chloroplast RFLP datasets can be more informative relative to those from ITS sequence (Morgan 1997). The most obvious possible source of the lack of ITS divergence in Solidago is that species level divergence is very recent. Other possible contributing factors include relatively large effective population sizes and the potential for homogenization through widespread interspecific hybridization followed by concerted evolution. Hybridization is tradition- ally viewed as widespread within Solidago (Cronquist 1980), and homogenization via concerted evolution is potentially a rapid process DIE o (Franzke & Mummenhoff 1999). The relative lack of differentiation in ITS seq y distantly related congeners, which because of geographical considerations are unlikely to be part di a Geen hybridization network, suggests that the primary cause is recency of divergence. This suggests that the striking ecological differences between Solidago species may have arisen during relatively short periods of time and indicates that resolving the phylogeny of Solidago will be a major challenge that will require markers evolving more rapidly than ITS and ETS.
APPENDIX
Ce of Solidago lat enera pled for molecular analyses, with collector and herbarium or literature refer- nce and GenBank ERC (ITS, ETS). Solidago L. Solidaster cv. Lemore, Schilling 07-06 (TENN), EU125353, EU125374. Sect. Solidago, Subsect. Argutae, 5. arguta Aiton, Beck481 (MO), EU125354, EU125375; S. patula Muhl., Beck 482 (MO), EU125355, EU125376. Subsect. Glomeruliferae, 5. caesia L., Beck 483 (MO), EU125356, EU125377; S. flexicaulis L,Kress et al. 2005, DQ005979. Subsect. Humiles, S. simplex Kunth, Kress et al. 2005, DQ005982. Subsect. Juncea, S. juncea Aiton, Kress et al. 2005, DQ005981. Subsect. Maritimae, 5. sempervirens 4, Urbatsch et al. 2003, AF477668, dps Subsect. Nemorales, S. nemoralis Aiton, Estes d d EU125357. Sub- sect. Solidago, 5. virgaurea L., Dinies n. (MO), EU125358, EU125378; S. decurrens Lour. EF103140. Subsect. Squarrosae, S. speciosa Nutt., p 07-05 (TENN), EU125359. Subsect. Thyrsiflorae, S. petiolaris Aiton, Noyes & Rieseberg 1999, AFO46968. Subsect. Triplinerve, S. canadensis L., Urbatsch et al. 2003, AF477665, AF477729; Laferriere 3564 (TENN), EU125360, — Weldon I 7/22/81 (TENN), EU125361; S. gigantea Aiton, o (MO), EU125362, EU125379; S. shortii Torr. & A. SE Beck etal 2004, ib [submit]. Subsect. pao fistulosa Mill, Urbatsch E al. acd AF477666, b bin ser t. ay) B. Boivin O), EU125363, EU125380
16 t i titute of Texas 2(1)
(MO), EU125364, EU125381; And MO221, EU125365, EU) 25382; S. nitida Torrey & A. Gray, Thomas 141724 (MO), EU125366, EUT25383; Thomas 97470 (MO), EU125367, EU125384; Thomas 138143, EU125368, EU125385; S. ohiensis Riddell, Kral 48497 (MO), EU125369, EU125386; S. riddellii Frank, Smith 3617 (MO), EU125370, EU125387; Vogt: »06 (MO), E e Luges s.n. (MO), EU125372, EU1 25389; S. rigida L., Beck et al. 2004, AY523851, EU125390. B (E
Greene, ROBOTS E Urbatsch 2003, AY 170930, AY! 69727; Anderson 20021 ipis: EUIS, vq uh dcum: Nutt C
Urbatsch et al. 2003, ME AF47 Cl pul (M.E. Jones) Urbatsch, R.P. Roberts & Neubig, Roberts & Urbatsch 2003, AY 170956, erc e SE (East ) Urbatscl RP en & Neubig, Roberts & Urbatsch 2003, AY170973, pe iscidifl rts & Urbatsch 2003, AY1 70947, AY169744. o o a E, c hallii (&. Gray) G.L. Nesom, Roberts e Urbatsch ei AE. a a rd Urb ibig, C. gramineus (H. M. Hall) Urbatsch, R.P u 70936,
AY] pul Eastwoodia ro E. elegans Brandegee, Roberts €: Urbatsch 2003, AY! 70949, AY169746. ust iue. Urbatsch, P dad rts & Neubig, L. linifolia (Greene) Miedo R.P. Roberts & Neubig, Roberts & Urbatsch 2003, AY170936,
AY169737 Ib., O. parryi Rydb., Roberts 8 atsch 2003, AY 170958, AY169755. Petradoria Greene, P pumila Greene, Roberts & Urbatsch 2003, AY! ie AY 169756. Seri lees, S. tortifolius Nees, Urbatsch et al. 2003, AF477664, AF477728. St lutt., S. acaulis Nutt., Roberts €: Urbatsch 2003, AY1 70960, AY169757. Tonestus A. Nelson, 7. pygmaeus
À. Nelson, Roberts & Urbatsch 2003, AY1 70972, AY169769.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank G. Beattie, P. Heise, and J. Miller for technical support, and G. Nesom and J. Semple for helpful comments on the manuscript. Financial support from the L.R. Hesler Fund of the Department of Botany, University of Tennessee, and NIH award #P20 RR164841, is gratefully acknowledged.
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NOVAE GESNERIACEAE NEOTROPICARUM XV: KOHLERIA HYPERTRICHOSA, A NEW SPECIES OF GESNERIACEAE FROM NORTHWESTERN ECUADOR
John Littner Clark Laurence E. Skog Department of Biological Sciences Botany Department, MRC-166 Box 870345 Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012 The University of Alabama National Museum of Natural History Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0345. U.S.A. Washington, DC 20013-7012. U.S.A. skogl@si.edu ABSTRACT
A new species of Kohleria (Gesneriaceae, tribe Gloxinieae) is described from the Andean cloud forests of the Carchi and Esmeraldas = DH el 4 ke 1 1 [PRI 1 J 41 1 1 = "TL 1 1-1 T 1 pe we | £ 1.5 ws Lm |
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RESUMEN
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y E ld el noroeste de Ecuador, en donde es una especie endémica abundante localmente. Los largos tricomas lanosos junto con la dehiscencia del fruto por medio de una hendidura dorsal y el hábito epifítico diferencian a Kohleria hypertrichosa de otras especies de Kohleria.
Key Wonps: Kohleria, Capanea, Monopyle, Ecuador, Gesneriaceae
The most recent treatment of the genus Kohleria Regel is that by Kvist and Skog (1992), who recognized 17 species. More recently, Roalson et al. (20052) transferred the two species of the genus Capanea Decaisne ex Planchon to Kohleria making it currently a genus of 19 recognized species. The revised circumscription of Kohleria to include Capanea (Roalson et al. 2005a) is based primarily on molecular data from the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region, the chloroplast DNA trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer region (Roalson et al. 2005b). Traditional Kohleria (e.g., the recent monograph by Kvist and Skog, 1992) would be paraphyletic with the exclusion of Capanea. Thus, many of the features that differentiated Capanea are autapomorphic for a well-supported clade nesting in Kohleria (Roalson et al. 2005b).
The new species described here has a history of being collected in the Carchi province where it is locally abundant in cloud forests. It was initially assumed to be a new species of Capanea by Hans Wiehler when it was collected and appeared in a photograph in the horticultural journal The Gloxinian (McDowell 1995). Images of K. hypertrichosa also appeared in the Gesneriad Journal as a new species of Capanea in a report of a collecting expedition to Ecuador (Dunn 1997). The species was assumed to be a member of this formerly recognized pane ARN e Ge woolly pubescence the shape of the corolla, and its epiphytic habit. Vegetatively Kol y] pr ilar to dad Lip because of the SHORE mi d eis leaves
+] ] CT Ah] the eneripe nth X
and dorsiventral shoots. I ol is also abundant (cf., field ci É Clark 6298). The two species often grow E by-side and e them apart vegetatively is challenging.
The species described here is remarkable in that it has been collected and specimens annotate d as be- longing to Monopyle or Capanea, but not Kohleria. The correct placement of this new species has perplexed many Gesneriaceae workers because of its habit (facultative epiphyte instead of the more typical terrestrial habit in Kohl ena Gees E pune on the outer surface of the corolla Ee typical of Capanea); and
. of Monopyle) The key sy y tor recognizing traditional
str ongl Kohleria is a ERU dehiscing by a single dorsal slit from apex to base (Biss 1D and 2G). The presence of this type of fruit in this species was unknown until it was observed and photographed in 2001 (cf., field collec- tion J.L. Clark 6288). Many other collectors (e.g., Tirado and Hoover) had documented this new species in
J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 19 — 24. 2008
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flower, but not in fruit, thus making it a difficult species to place without molecular data. The presence of a bilobed stigma is a SR ee that K. LL adn shares SH most dani adi Á EE stigma is present in À y in the two traditionally g d species of Capanea that were eg — in Kohleria o et P 20053).
Another morphological feature of many species in Kohleria, which is also present in K. hypertrichosa, is the presence of a ventricose apical pouch on the lower side of the corolla. The ventricose pouch in K. hyper- trichosa is sometimes obscured a d: and on pressed herbarium collections (e.g., the pouch was not
EES in ds photograpl t e L. Clark & R.W. Dunn 2406 and J.L. Clark et al. 2408) Th t of K. hypertrichosa is al ly supported by molecular data from the nuclear ribosom al DNA internal t ] region, the ala DNA trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer region (Roalson et al. 2005b). One of t] that appeared in the pl y published by Roalson et al. is a tissue sample from silica Ln dried leaves of a paratype of K. eri hasi (cf., field collection J.L. Clark & R.W. Dunn 2446). The sp llection is noted in Roalson et al. (2005b) as, “Kohleria sp. nov. 2446”
where it was shown as being strongly supported as the sister taxon to Kohleria villosa (Fritsch) Wiehler.
Kohleria hypertrichosa J.L. Clark & L E Skog, SP. nov. (Figs. 1-2). Tee: ECUADOR, Carchi: Cantón Espejo, Par- roquia Guatal, Mirador de las Gol olondrinas), trail from Santa Rosa (El R ) to the refugio at El Corazon, 00?49'46"N, 78°07'03"W, 1600-2000 m, 5 Jul 2003, JL. Clark, S.G. Clark, E. Folleco & B. Syka 8450 (HoLorveE: US; isoTYPES: AAU, BRIT, C, CAS, COL, E, E GH, K, MO, NY, QCA, QCNE, SEL, UNA, US, W).
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Facultative epiphytic climber; rarely terrestrial, stems dorsiventral to erect, frequently branched, to 2 m long, subwoody to herbaceous, terete, glabrescent below, densely pilose to sericeous above. Leaves opposite, unequal in a pair; larger leaf with petioles terete, 3-10 mm PAR green, RÀ sericeous, blade EE ceous when dry, elliptic to slightly falcate, 6-14 x 1.5—4 cm, base acute an trical, apex attenuate, margin serrate, adaxially pale green, sparingly to densely pilose especially on Hs) ais green to reddish-green, uniformly pilose; smaller leaf with petioles sessile to 3 mm long, green, densely sericeous, aue subcoriaceous when dry, broadly ovate (rarely narrowly ovate), 1-2.5 x 1-1.5 cm, base and
gin serrate adaxially pale green, sparingly to densely pilose (especially on veins), abaxially seen to reddi en uniformly pilose. Inflorescence epedunculate, reduced cyme, appearing fasciculate, with 1 (rarely 2) flower per node at or near stem apices; bracteoles absent; pedicels longer than the petiole, 1.5-3 cm long, densely sericeous. Fl hic, not inate; calyx lobes 5, ventral lobe free, lateral
and dorsal lobes basally connate for 3-5 mm, SEET erect at anthesis, reflexed in fruit, equal, ovate, 1.5-2.0 x 0.5-1.0 cm, apex acute, margin nearly entire with 13 pairs of serrations, bright red, outside densely sericeous, dd: pasen sericeous; EE e in niet 2.5-3.0 cm long; base 1 cm in diameter,
mpliate on , throat slightly constricted, EE laterally — a to 1 cm wide Ge — outside yellowish-white, eegen with dense villous inside mostly yellow with red spots, mouth with glandular trichomes, lobes glabrous, red, subequal —
to 3 mm long, to 5 mm wide, rounded, entire; nectary of five separate mem M distributed around ovary, each 1.0-1.5 mm high and 0.5-1.5 mm wide at base, glabrous; stamens 4, didynamous, included; filaments 1.6 cm long, adnate to the base of the corolla tube, pilose; anthers longer than broad, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; staminode not observed; ovary inferior, villous, 2-5 x 3—6 mm, style 9-12 mm long, sericeous, stigma included, forked. Fruit an oblong capsule, 20-30 mm long, diameter 4—8 mm, dehiscing by a single dorsal slit from apex to base; seeds numerous, subglobose, irregularly striate, 0.4 x 0.3 mm, dark brown.
Phenology.—Flowering in January, April, May, November, and December. The only collections with fruits are from May, July, and December.
Distribution. —Kohleria hypertrichosa is known from northwestern Ecuadorian cloud forests on the western Andean slopes of the Carchi and Esmeraldas provinces from 1100 to 2000 meters. It is locally
Clark and Skog, A new species of Kohleria from northwestern Ecuador
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Fic. 1, Kohleria hypertrichosa J.L. Clark & LE Skog. A. Front view of corolla. B. Immature flower. C. Front view of capsule. D. Fruit dehiscing by a single dorsal slit. E. Lateral view of flower. (A from J.L. Clark et al. 6359; B & E from J.L. Clark et al. 8462; C & D from the holotype, J.L. Clark et al. 8450)
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Clark and Skog, A pecies of Kohleria f ti tern Ecuad 23
abundant sometimes covering trees and trailsides, especially in the Mirador de las Golondrinas, a private reserve managed by Fundación Golondrinas and the Gualpi area near the Reserva Awá (collections exist both inside and outside the Territorio Awá). No collections of Kohleria hypertrichosa have been made outside of the Carchi and Esmeraldas provinces, but it is likely to also occur in the adjacent Department of Nariño, Colombia where limited recent botanical exploration has taken place.
Etymology.—The epithet hypertrichosa is derived from the congenital condition of generalized “Hyper- trichosis,” the medical term referring to a condition of excessive growth of body geg in humans. The condi- tion is commonly known as “Werewolf syndrome” which comes from a mythological werewolf of which the person is completely covered in hair or fur. Although not Ge PINE in ión: the plant species is known among horticulturalists as “Chewbacca,” for the famous hairy biped character (^Wookie") from the popular cult phenomenon 1 1977 movie Star Wars IV: A New Mad
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PARATYPES. ECUADOR del Corazón, 00%49'N, ii ed W, SS 20001 m, BAN 1996 JL L. Ge P. Sabbe Gë W. Dam id (MO, QCNE, SRP, US); Cantón Espejo, , trail SW of La Cal I ine, 00 Mi dp Hee 2000 m, ial 1996 ,J.L. Clark & RW. Dunn 2446 (MO, QCNE, SRP, US); C lor d of Las Juntas and La Cabaña del Corazón, 00°49'N, reor w, 1400- 2000. m, Er ER 1996 J L Mic & R.W. Dunn 2466 (MO, OCNE, SRP, US); Cantón Tulcan, Parroquia Chical, path from th “Gualpi” (near the border e the Reserva did ek iios f bi 1200—1700 m, 6 Dec 2001 (2. J.L. Clark & O. an 6288 8 (MO, QCNE, Sach Kee Sie ly as “Crystal” via Ri (ca. 6- GER SW B Chical), 0095349" 'N, 78?34"W, 1200- ii»: m, Roc 2001 om Ge Ji. Eu O. ac al e d E E Ed MO, NY, QCA, QCNE, US); Cantón Espejo, P fi zon towards La Cortadera (2 km NE of o 00°49) 46"N, 78207 03"W, a m, dg ir d Ge J L. Clark & E. Folleco m (AAU, CAS, COL, E, F, K, MO, NY, QCNE, SEL, US, UNA); f 78°8'W, 1890 m, 28 Nov 1987 (fD, W.S. Hoover & S. Wormley 1906 (MO): embankments along Río Verde, from point at on trail = Rafael's Mountain Finca crosses river, 1.5 km, 00°52'N, 78°8'W, 1890 m, 29 Nov 1987 (fl), W.S. Hoover 1918 (MO); ridge to NE of Rafael Quind's mountain finca, 0°52'N, 78°8'W, 2000 m, 29 Nov 1987 (fl), W.S. Hoover 2046 (MO); Gualpi Chico, Awá encampment, trail on reservation border going iiid: Ge N, 78°16'W, 1330 m, 15 e 1988 (fD, W.S. Hoover, P. Gelpi, R.A. Lorentzen & A. Arguello 2463 (MO, 1 El 0°58'N, 78°16'W, 1330 m, 20 Jan 1988 (1D), W.S. Hoover, A. Arguello, P. Gelpi n RA. Greg 2832 (MO, US) trail to Pailon on scam DERE Gualpi Chico area of Awd, 00°58'N, 78°16'W, 1350-1400 m, 21 Jan 1988 (fD, W.S. Hoover, A. Arguello, P. Gelpi & R.A. Lorentzen 3618 (MO, US); Cantón Tulcan, Parroquia Tobar Donoso, sector El Baboso, Reserva Indígena Awa, 00º53'N, 78°20'W, 1600 m, 3 Oct 1991 (fl), G. Tipaz, D. Rubio & M. Taicuz 267 (SEL, US); Cantón Espejo, Parroquia Tobar Donoso, Reserva Indígena Awá, centro Baboso, 00°53'N, 78°25'W, 1800 m, 17-27 Aug 1992 (fl), G. Tipaz, M. Tirado, C. Aulestia, N. Gale & P. Ortíz 1800 (US); Cantón Mira, El Carmen, Cerro Golondrinas, 00°50'N, eebe, 2000-2400 m, 18-25 Aug 1994 (fD, M. Tirado, P. Fuentes, R. Zurita & L. Chamorro 1286 (MO, QCNE, US); Espejo, R d , El Corazón, sendero a Río El Corazón, 00°50'N, 78°08'W, 2010 m, 24 Jan 2004 (fl), H. Vargas et al. 4406 (MO, US); E idas: C San Lorenzo, Parroquia Alto Tambo, mature forest 4-8 km W of El Cristal, 00°50'16"N 078?31'04"W, 1500-1650 m, 27 May 2008 (fr), J.L. Clark, J. Melton III & O. Solarte 10310 (CAS, E, F, K, MO, NY, QCNE, SEL, UNA, US, W); Cantón San Lorenzo, Parroquia Alto Tambo, mature forest 4—8 km W of El Cristal, 00°50'16"N 078°31'04"W, 1500-1650 m, 27 May 2008 (fl), J.L. Clark, J. Melton III & O. Solarte 10311 (QCNE, SEL, UNA, US); area of Cristal, above Lita, 1100-1150 m, 24 Apr 1995 (fD, H. Wiehler et al. 9574 (SEL, US).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Support for this project for the first author was provided by the Elvin McDonald Research Endowment Fund of The Gesneriad Society, the National Science Foundation (DEB 0206512), the Explorers Club Washington Group, and a diu s EE Study and Research Abroad Scholarship. We are grateful to Alice Tangerini for preparing illustrations of the n cies and Harold Robinson f Isti g with the Latin diagnosis. Herbaria MO, QCNE, and SEL are Mice due for making their collections available to us. We also acknowledge Eric Roalson and Christian Feuillet for their careful reviews and comments on the manuscript.
REFERENCES Dunn, R.W. 1997. A bright and shining star. Gesneriad J. 8(3—4):4—9.
McDoweLL, M. 1995. ;Dondé Está Lita? Gloxinian 45(4):16-22. Kvist, L.P. and LE Skoc. 1992. Revision of Kohleria (G Í ). Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 79:1-83.
24 laries in the Gloxinieae
RoaLson, E.H., J.K. Boacan, and L.E. Skos. 2005a. Reorganization of tribal and generic (Gesneriaceae: Gesnerioideae) and the description of a new tribe in the Gesnerioideae, Sphaerorrhizeae
Selbyana 25:225-238. RoaLson, E.H., J.K. BOGGAN, L.E. Sec, and E.A. Zimmer. 2005b. Untangling Gloxinieae (G | ). 1. Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, a morphological cladistic datasets
Taxon 54:389-410.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF GUADUA (BAMBUSOIDEAE: GUADUINAE) FROM COLOMBIA AND BOLIVIA
Ximena Londoño Eneida Zurita Instituto Vallecaucano de Herbario Nacional Forestal Investigaciones Cientificas “Martin Cárdenas” A 11574, Cali, COLOMBIA aa Bod ximelon@telesat.com.co eneidaz@gmail.com ABSTRACT Guadua Hana a G. Ge two ne species of woody bamboo from South America, are described and illustrated. Guadua incana, fi 1 in the foothills of tl t ide of the Cordillera de los Andes, and G chapa-
rensis, from DESTA occurs in "Be FM lowlands in the District of Chapare. Based on morphological evidence, G. incana and G. to Guadua weberbaueri, which is lectotypified here. We discuss other related species and provide a
y the faleu
Regi to them.
RESUMEN Se describen e ilustran d peci para Sur América papi Md G. chaparensis. Guadua incana del suroriente de Colombia, crece en el pie d te del tiente oriental d e los Andes, y G. chaparensis de Bolivia, se localiza en el
Distrito Biogeográfico Amazónico del Chapare. Con base en evidencias morfológicas, G. incana Gs G. MU CAD se relacionan entre
si y también con Guadua weberbaueri, la cual se lectotipifica aquí. Además, se hace otras especies afines y se
incluye clave para identificación.
During a 1987 field trip to Caquetá and Putumayo, Colombia (Colciencias-Inciva Project No. 2108-07-009-85), sterile specimens of a new species of Guadua (Londoño & Quintero 144 & 214) were collected. A living rhizome was brought to the bamboo germplasm bank of the Juan Maria Cespedes Botanical Garden in Tuluá, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, and after 14 years in cultivation (1987—2001), accessions Londoño 144 & 214 flowered and made possible their identification.
Because of the absence of flowering material in the majority of woody bamboo herbarium specimens (in part, a result of their long flowering cycles), several species of bamboo are described from vegetative material alone, e.g., Eremocaulon setosum Londoño & L.G. Clark, Chusquea riosaltensis L.G. Clark and Ch. caparaoensis L.G. Clark (Londoño & Clark 2002a; Clark 1992). Vegetative characters such as culm leaves, buds, branches and rhizomes have been utilized to delimit many new species (McClure 1966; Judziewicz et al. 1999; Soderstrom & Young 1983). We waited 14 years for the opportunity to describe G. incana with flowering material, but for the new species from Bolivia, G. chaparensis Londoño & Zurita, we decided to describe it on the basis of sterile material alone, in order to provide a name for this distinctive species.
In addition to the vegetative and reproductive characters used to delimit G. incana, the genetic AFLP analysis done by Marulanda et al. (2002) reported a clear genetic differentiation between G. incana and G. angustifolia (accessions, varieties and biotypes), and also between G. incana and Guadua uncinata Londoño & L.G. Clark (2002b), a species that is sympatric with G. incana. This genetic result helped corroborate the diagnostic morphological features that identify Guadua incana as a new species.
Guadua chaparensis was collected by the second author in central Bolivia. It occurs not only in the type locality (Comunidad Israel) but in various communities such as Capinota, Hermanos Ledesma, Agua Rica, 24 de Septiembre, Monte Sinaí, Villa Jerusalen, Villa Imperial, Valle de Sajta, Valle Ivirza, Villa Nueva, Alto San Pablo, Tarija and Puerto Aroma, all of them in the Chapare area.
The two new pecies, G. incana and G chaparensis, are clearlv ref to Guadua | 1on their] ked rhizomes, white bands on the culms, thorny branches, enla culm leaves, and, in the case of E incana, pseudospikelet structure with winged-keeled palea (Judziewicz et al. 1999). Both species are closely related,
| Rot Res inet Tayac 2(1): y UA 34. 2008
26 I Ze Dos a In LI Eine £'T, ^n BIT)
grow in lowland tropical rain forests, and appear to be endemic to the localities in which they were collected.
Both are also utilized by local communities for corrals, fences, water conduction and light rural construction.
Guadua weberbaueri, the taxon most closely allied to the two new species, was described by Pilger (1905), who selected as the holotype number 4562 collected by the German botanist August Weberbauer (1871-1948) in Moyobamba, Perú. As with many other collections by Weberbauer, the type chosen by Pilger and deposited in Berlin (B) was destroyed during World War II. In 1991, the first author visited the herbarium of the Universidad Nacional Agraria, La Molina (MOL) in Lima, Peru, and found a complete du- plicate of Weberbauer 4562. This isotype, which we have selected to serve as the lectotype, includes a foliage leaf complement and one inflorescence branch.
Morphological study reveals that Guadua weberbaueri Pilger, G. ol usd Sege and e sarcocarpa Londoño & Peterson (1991) share several features with each other and the two species, forming the basis for a group within Guadua, here recognized informally as the G. weberbaueri eos (Table) The following combination of characters delimits this group: a) culms erect at the base with the apical portion leaning on or pendent from trees; b) internodes hollow, with walls up to 1.5 cm thick, elongated up to 90 cm; c) culm leaves with persistent blades, these 1/4 to 1/5 as long as the sheaths; d) culm leaves with canescent inner ligules; e) synflorescences terminating in leafy or leafless branches with capitate coflorescences in the earliest state of development; f) pseudospikelets with wide-winged palea keels (0.8 to 2.5 mm); and g) ovaries fusoid in shape.
These five species, Guadua weberbaueri, G. sarcocarpa, G. incana, G. chaparensis and G. tagoara, grow in very humid, lowland forests and they have in common the presence of water inside of the hollow in- ternodes. Herbarium labels from Guadua sarcocarpa (Calderon & Soderstrom 2348-US#2810196 and Smith 5275-US#3080541), the description for G. tagoara in Londoño and Clark (2002b), and Louton et al. (1996) for G. weberbaueri reported the presence of internodes filled with water. This internal water phenomenon seems to be associated with very high relative humidity and a high water table. Why water accumulates inside the internodes is still uncertain. It may occur after strong changes of temperature that break tissues
allowing water to leak into and accumulate in the lumen. A key to the species of the G. weberbaueri group based on vegetative characters is presented here.
KEY TO SPECIES OF THE GUADUA WEBERBAUERI GROUP 1. Culml | ally F | | let ly with difficulty from tl f
th j | li t the junction of the sheath and blade: 2. Foliage leaf sheaths abaxially pubescent, bearing fimbriae at the summit; folage leaf blades
abaxially pilose and inconspicuously tessellate; inner ligules pubescent; pseudopetioles
abaxially setose-pilose; culm leaf auricles absent G. weberbaueri 2. Foliage leaf sheaths abaxially glabrous with oral setae and fimbriae at the summit; foliage leaf
blades aaa lis dd a and conspicuously tessellate; inner ligules glabrous;
f auricles dBSent or present G. sarcocarpa L Culm leaves Tn densely pubescent to canescent, ti letached from ti f the g aig tly tthe Junon of the sheath ai blade. 3 Cul SR | ing heee, 6 | -foliage leaf blad glabrous o on bot surf. | abaxially strongly! late; | lopetiole abaxi ially gla! ; Brazil G. tagoara 3. Cul hal ; ee | n m 4. Foliage E sheaths glabrous fimbriae al uE summit fimbriae 4-5 mm long; inner x figules glabrous; leaf I liy glabrous; Colombia . incana 4. Foliage id sheaths subglabrous is fimbriate at summit; inner ligules puberulous; leaf m abaxially g | G. chaparensis
Guadua incana Londoño, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Tre: COLOMBIA. Caquetá: Km 26.7 via Florencia-Guadalupe, Quebrada La Rebolcosa, vertiente oriental de la Cordillera Oriental, 750 m, cultivated at the Botanical Garden Juan María Céspedes, 2 Jun 2001 (fl), X. Londoño 972 (poLorvre: COLI, isorvres: CUVC, TULY, ISC, US
Bambusa lignosa, spinosa. Rhizoma sympodiale, pachymorphum. Culmi 10-15-18) m alti, 7-9(-12) cm diam.; internodia
20-)30-65 cm longa, cava. Folia culmorum leviter coriacea, canescentia, deciduas, vagina et lamina conspicue distinctae in ju-
fire
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Fic. 1. Guadua incana. A. Culm leaf, sdayial viaw R
m H E | | K .L LI L| L [| L all “a adavial «urfara Ü mr." | gl a - ed wë we area, abaxial view D | t of leafv fl i is EP losnikelet sl i | t , a sterile LI lemma, fertile florets, it inal rudi t
fl ECH Prophyll deg view ano apex H- I Basal gemmiparous bracts, abaxial view and ap J- K. Lemma, abaxial view and apex. EN Palea, baxi 0-Q. Ca
aryopsis with a stylar column; Sr | view (0). (A-C, london 144, TULV; D-Q, Londoño 972 TULV).
|| E sl n.a H Inm LI d. da adis £T. TA Vi
28
ventute; vagina (19-)24-33 cm longa; lamina (3.535-10 cm longa, persistens, erecta, triangularis. Ramificatio intravaginalis. Folia ramorum cujusquisque complementi 5-8(-10); vagina subglabra, fimbriata, margine imbricata, conspicue e ciliata; pseudo-
petiolus 2-4 mm longus; lamina (3.5211-13C-16) cm longa, (0.7-)1-2(-2.2) cm lata, lineari-lanceolata. Synflorescentia 1-4(-6
coflorescentiis, 1-5 multifloris pseudospiculis munitis. Pseudospiculae 2-4 cm longae, 0.4-0.7 mm lata; lemma 9-11.5 mm longum, 6-8 mm latum; palea 9-11 mm longa, 4-5 mm lata. Ovarium fusiforme, (1.522-3 mm longum, 0.4-0.5 mm latum. Woody, thorny bamboo. Rhizomes pachymorph. Culms 10-15(-18) m tall, 7-9(-12) cm in diam., erect at base, arching apically, whitish-green when young; internodes (20-)30-55(-65) cm long, cylindrical, hollow, some filled with water, the wall 1-1.5 cm thick, the surface whitish-green pubescent when young, becoming evidently whiter below the nodal line, covered by very appressed, white, soft, slender, retrorse hairs; nodes solitary, the nodal line horizontal, with a supranodal band 1-1.7 cm wide of appressed, white, soft, slender hairs, and an infranodal band 1.5-2 cm wide of long, soft, slender, white, appressed hairs, the two bands unambiguously evident, the supranodal ridge slightly pronounced, the canescence from the infranodal band extending 2/3 along the internode; bud single, triangular, the shoulders of the prophyll ciliate. Culm leaves (22230—44 cm long, 29-44 cm wide at the base, coriaceous, deciduous, triangular, blade and sheath conspicuously distinguished by color and pubescence when young; sheaths (19-)24-33 x 29-44 cm, whitish-green with yellowish spots when young, becoming whitish-brown to stramineous, abaxially canescent-hispid, densely covered by two different types of hairs (1) short, matted, white and wavy hairs, looking like wool and easily detached, and (2) straight, stiff, sharp, amber hairs, up to 3 mm long, adaxially glabrous and shiny, the margins papery, the overlapping one ciliate, the cilia transparent, up to 2.5 mm long; inner ligules 0.5-1.0 mm long, truncate, straight to slightly curled in the middle, extending completely from margin to margin, adaxially glabrous, abaxially canescent, densely ciliate on the margin, the cilia up to 0.6 mm long, whitish in color and conspicuous; blades (3.5-)5-10 x 7-12 cm, 1/4—1/5 as long as the sheath, triangular, erect, persistent, inflated, green to reddish-green when young then brown, abaxially glabrous at the central inflated part, sparsely hispid and pubescent through the apex and margin- ally, adaxially densely pubescent between the nerves, covered by two types of hairs (1) firm, stiff, transpar- ent hairs up to 2.5 mm long, and (2) short, soft, loose hairs up to 0.5 mm long, the margins papery, shiny and smooth at the middle and upper portion, basally ciliate, wrinkled at the junction with the sheath and bearing conspicuous fimbriae and cilia, the cilia up to 2.5 mm long, hyaline, rubbing off at the middle and upper portion, the fimbriae 3-5 mm long, ivory, wavy to curled, basally scabrid, apically smooth, the apex strongly mucronate and usually split in two parts, the mucro up to 1 mm long. Branching intravaginal, consisting of one main branch and 1 to 2 secondary branches, the branches manifestly armed, thorns 1 to 3(-4) per node, the central one dominant, bigger and straight to slightly curved, the other two slightly curved to curved. Foliage leaves 5 to 8(-10) per complement; sheaths abaxially pubescent to glabrous, usually with a patch of villous hairs on one side of the midnerve at the upper portion, green when young then stramineous, the overlapping margin conspicuously ciliate, the underlapping one minutely cililate to smooth and papery, bearing a few fimbriae at the summit; fimbriae 4—5 mm long, ivory, basally straight and scabrid, apically wavy to curled and smooth; inner ligules 0.2-0.3 mm long, short, brown, puberulous, ciliolate to smooth at the margin; outer ligules 0.3-0.4 mm long, stramineous, glabrous, shiny, the margin ciliolate to smooth; pseudopetioles 2—4 mm long, adaxially da toward one margin, otherwise gla- brous, abaxially glabrous, pulvinate, the pulvinous viilous, st to brown; blades (3.5-)11-13(16) x (0.721-2C2.2) cm, LW = 5-141, 13-15 nerved, linear-lanceolate, adaxially glabrous to subglabrous, with scattered, strigose, transparent hairs up to 1.2 mm long, with 4—6 raised scabrid submarginal nerves on one side, becoming basally evidently scabrous by one side, abaxially glabrous to subglabrous, with scattered strigose, transparent hairs up to 1 mm long, papillose and tessellate, the midnerve and primary nerves prominent and yellow in the middle and lower portion, one EEN EE the other scabridulous,
the apex acuminate, with a mucro 2-3 mm long. Synfl ting usually leafy branches of all orders, polytelic, consisting of 1-4(-6) MN with 1-3C5) riuiletflowered pseudospikelets; main axes basally glabrous, apically pilose; subtending bracts varying in size and shape through the main axis,
from fully developed and similar to a small foliage leaf to triangular with a reduced apiculus, the blades
Taste 1. C f veg hologi f Guadua i , G. chaparensis, G. tagoara, G. weberbaueri, and G. sarcocarpa CHARACTER incana chaparensis tagoara weberbaueri sarcocarpa Culm habit erect basally, erect basally, erect basally, erect basally, erect i arching apically arching apically ranching arching apically ` branchin and reaching and cn over trees over trees Culm size length (m) 10-15(-18) 18-25 10-15-20) 8-15(-20) 10-20(-30) diameter (cm) 7~9(-12) (3.5-)7-12 5-10 4—8(-12) -10 Internode size length (crn) 20-65 22-70 25-80 25-70 25—90 wall thickness (cm) 1-1.5 1-1.5 0.5-1 1-1.5 1 Culm leaf auricles absent absent absent absent absent/present Culm leaf inner ligule size imm 5-1 — — - abaxialindument ^ canescent canescent canescent canescent canescent Foliage leaf sheath indument subglabrous, with subglabrous with subglabrous with subglabrous glabrous a patch of hairs a patch of hairs a patch of hairs at the apex at the apex at the apex margin conspicuously conspicuously ciliate ciliate smooth and ciliate ciliate summit fimbriate glabrous fimbriate, rarely fimbriate oral setae or with auricles fimbriae Pseudopetiole length (mm) 2 — 4—10(-15) 5-7 (4-)6-10 abaxialindument ^ glabrous glabrous glabrous setose-pilose glabrous Foliage leaf blade, glabrous to glabrous glabrous pilose irregularly abaxial indument subglabrous subglabrous to glabrous Pseudospikelet 2-4 x 0.4-0.7 not seen 0.5-4 x 0.2-0.6 0.5-2.5 x : 2-8. > x (0.2-) size (cm) 0.2-0.7 — Lemma, abaxial subglabrous not seen usually glabrous pubescent n surface Palea sulcus re not seen oe pubescent pubescent pu width (mm) not seen -1.2 8- (1-)1.8-2.5 Fruit type n — not seen de caryopsis dry caryopsis fleshy caryopsis a Colombia olivia Brazil Peru Peru, Bolivia, distribution razil, Colombia Ecuador, Guyana, Surinam & Venezuela
when present deciduous, the sheaths adaxially pubescent and bearing fimbriae at the summit, the overlap- ping margin conspicuously ciliate. Pseudospikelets 2-4 x 0.4-0.7 cm, linear-lanceolate, straight to slightly curved, green when young becoming stramineous, consisting of a subtending bract, a prophyll, 1-4(—5) gemmiparous bracts, 1-2 sterile lemmas, 5- 2 functional Get terminating in a rudimentary anthecium; prophylls 4 x 2 mm, with the 2 keels winged, t ] , abaxially BABE i in sericeous at the tip and strigillose along the keels, the enfoldi lal d
keels, with the margins ciliolate, the wings 0.2-0. e mm da peca on both sides, conspicuously ciate on the margin, the cilia up to 0.5 mm long; gemmiparous bracts 1—4(—5), 5-9 x 3-6 mm, 7-11-nerved,
30
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, deciduous, adaxially shortly pubescent toward the upper third, otherwise glabrous and shiny, abaxially Py pubescent, with the midnerve EE Ge thg apezi mucronate, Se mucro 0.5-0.7 mm long, the ly ciliat te, except basally; sterile lemmas E d p 8x a Gm. 10- ies -nerved, ovate- med stramineous, ;, slightly lighter in color than the lemmas, mucronate, the mucro 0.5 mm long, abaxially glabrescent, adaxially pubescent on the upper 1⁄2, being densely pubescent toward the apex, the overlapping margin minutely ciliolate, the underlapping one smooth, enclosing a rudimentary palea or not; rachilla segments 3-4.5 mm long, shortly pubescent except at the most lower portion, with a rim of hairs at the uppermost portion, disarticulating below the attac hment of each lemma and falling attached to the floret. Fertile florets 5—7, 10—11 x 2-4 mm, with the winged palea keels exceeding the lemma margins, the lemma exceeding the palea apically only by the mucro; lemmas 9-11.5 x 6-8 mm, 16-18-nerved, ovate-lanceolate, green when young with purplish margins, becoming stramineous, abaxially glabrous, except with a patch of very short hairs dorsally, and a purplish-tinged to darker color line along the margins, adaxially pubescent on the upper half otherwise glabrous, the apex mucronate, the mucro 0.5-1 mm long, the margins smooth, papery; paleas 9-11 x 4-5 mm, stramineous, the apex acute, the sulcus 2 mm wide, 3—4-nerved, strigillose, covered by transparent, short, appressed hairs, the enfolding margins 2-3-nerved, glabrous, the margins smooth, the keels winged, the wings 1-1.2 mm wide, wider apically than basally, 2-nerved, purplish to stramineous, abaxially glabrous and shiny, adaxially strigillose along the sulcus and apically, otherwise glabrous and shiny, not prolonged at the apex, the margins ciliolate on the upper half, basally sparsely ciliolate. Lodicules 3, 2.5—5 x 0./-1.8 mm, 8—12-nerved basally, membranous, acute, the upper half pul and thinner, covered by hyaline prickles, basally glabrous, thickened, nerved and darker, tl ly ciliolate at the tip, the anterior pair slightly asymmetrical, the posterior one symmetrical, narrower than the anterior pair. Stamens 6, the anthers 4—5.2 x 0.1-0.5 mm, brown, basally sagittate, apically apiculate, the filament free, up to 2 mm long. Ovary (1.5323 x 0.4-0.5 mm, fusoid, the basal half receptacle-like, 0.7-1 x 0.5 mm, glabrous, brown, the upper half cone-shaped, 12 x 1 mm, densely antrorse-hispidulous, stramineous; style 2-2.5 mm long, densely antrorse-hispidulous, darker than the ovary, stigmas 3, plumose, ca. 5 mm long, Fruit 7-9 x 3 mm, an asymmetric fusoid caryopsis, with a persistent hispidulous style base at the apex, shiny and glabrescent immediately below the style, the basal two-thirds minutely strigillose, opaque, glaucous; embryo 1.5 x 1 mm, circular, lateral at the base of the caryopsis.
Etymology.—Ihe specific epithet refers to the evidently canescent abaxial surfaces of the culm leaf
sheath when young
Distribution and habitat. —This species occurs in southern Colombia, in the departments of Caqueta and Putumayo, in the foothills of the eastern side of the Cordillera Oriental de los Andes, at elevations between 280—1200 m. It grows in the interior of very humid mountain forests, along creéks, but does not form dominant clumps and is generally uncommon.
Common name.—Guadúa (with accent).
Uses.—Farm fences and light rural infrastructure.
Phenology and Fruiting.—The flowering behavior of bamboos is still unexplained and mysterious. The factors that switch a bamboo plant from a vegetative to a flowering state are not fully understood (Janzen 1976; Judziewicz et al. 1999). Guadua incana can flower continuously for at least 2-3 years and without dying. A flowering culm in this species is leafy and the production of fruit and seedlings is uncommon. As in G. weberbaueri, only a few culms from the whole clump flower at any given time. Despite this research, it is still impossible to establish its regular flowering cycle, but we know that it takes at least more than 14 years.
The BEE of mature fruit in G. incana is scarce. Only one fruit was found in a functional i from tl iddle part of t] lospikelet. This floret falls along with the rachilla, lemma and } to the base as in other ree species, e.g., G. chacoensis (Rojas) Londoño & Peterson (Londoño & Peterson 1992). The dorsal surface of the fruit has a conspicuous linear hilum, purplish in color, extending down the
| | Z I ta Al . Er | £ fe Lo E A 31
length of the fruit and the ventral surface has a prominent embryotegium. The embryo is 1/5-1/6 of the length of the whole fruit, and is located at the base of the ventral surface. The indument of the fruit is very peculiar, with the upper 1/9th e MESE the fruit is strigillose and covered with a whitish waxy coating.
Pseudospikelet.—The p tisa phy for Guadua + Eremocaulon within the subtribe Guaduinae (Ruiz et al., in tess) and among estaria woody bamboos is also found only in the genera Elytrostachys McClure, Amta Soderstrom & Londoño, and Atractantha McClure, all of them in the sub- tribe Arthrostylidiinae. The term is used to describe synflorescences of woody bamboos that rebranch to produce successive orders of spikelets (McClure 1966; Judziewicz et al. 1999; Young & Judd 1992, Bamboo Phylogeny Working Group 2005). According to Londoño and Clark (2002b) the following structures are all homologous at some level: subtending bracts, gemmiparous bracts, glumes, and both sterile and fertile lemmas. However, this is not the case with the prophyll, which is homologous to the palea (Stapleton 1997; Bamboo Phylogeny Working Group 2005). In G. incana, the most proximal bract to the prophyll gives the impression of being the prophyll itself, because the midnerve is similarly keeled and conspicuously asym- metrical, the apex bifurcate and shortly mucronate, and always fertile, enclosing a bud (Fig. 1: HD The prophyll when present is conspicuously ciliate but frequently the hairs rub off in situ.
Affinities —Guadua incana is most similar to G. weberbaueri Pilger and G. sarcocarpa Londoño & Peter- son. The three species share the following characters: a) triangular culm leaves with the margins slightly discontinuous at the junction with the blade; b) culm leaf blades 1/4 to 1/5 as long as the sheaths, adaxially pubescent and with a strong mucro at the apex; c) adaxial surfaces of the lemmas See on their upper
1]
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halves; d) paleas with pubescent ; e) conspicuous winged | an acute apex; f) lodicules strigilllose in the upper third; and g) ovaries and styles antrorse-hispidulous.
However, G. incana differs from G. weberbaueri and G. sarcocarpa in having (1) blade and sheath of the culm leaves conspicuously distinguished by color and pubescence (vs. inconspicuously distinguished by color and pubescence); (2) subglabrous adaxial surfaces of the leaf blades (vs. entirely glabrous); and (3) strigillose sulcus of the palea (vs. pubescent) (Table 1).
Guadua incana differs from G. sarcocarpa in its (a) culms erect at base, arching apically (vs. erect at base, then branching above and reaching over trees for support); (b) white-greenish and hairy culm leaves when young, (c) conspicuously ciliate overlapping margin of the foliage leaf sheaths, (d) shorter and narrower pseudospikelets, (e) the winged palea keels marginally ciliolate, and (f) dry caryopsis fruit. It differs from G. weberbaueri in its (a) longer pseudospikelets, (b) smooth and papery margins of the lemma, (c) abaxially BEE put basally SEHEN, ciliolate Map ps iet Ge x
heath margins, (b) similar pseudospikelet size, (c) gemmiparous bracts with the miden strongly ed (d) the lemma margins exceeded by the winged-keels of the palea, (e) a palea with two conspicuous winged-keels and a pubescent sulcus between nerves; and (f) a fusoid antrorse-hispidulous ovary (Table 1).
According to the molecular analysis done by Marulanda et al. (2002), G. incana shows a wide genetic distance in relation to G. angustifolia and greater genetic similarity with G. amplexifolia which shares a canes- cent indument on the abaxial surfaces of the culm leaf sheaths, the inner ligule extending from margin to margin and the strong mucro at the apex of the culm leaves; DNA isolation for G. weberbaueri, G. sarcocarpa and G. tagora, the three closely allied species, was not successful in the above mentioned research.
Amana EE E Geen E Km 26.7 vía EM AE re La Pune Di vertiente E , 750 m, 10 Feb 19 itero ied,
No. XL114, 2 Jun 2004 (£D, Londoño 982 GE TULV, uS Km 22 vía Florencia- E 6701 m, 9 Feb 1987, EE €» Quintero 122
(TULV). Putumayo: Mpio. Mocoa, Vereda Suiza, carretera Mocoa-Pasto, después de La Tebaida, a orilla de Q. Suiza, 1050 m, 6 Mar
1987, Londoño & A 214 (COL, TULV, US); cultivated Jardín Botánico Juan Maria Céspedes, Plot £3 collection No. XL214, 2 Jun
2001 (fl), Lond 73 EENS US).
Guadua chaparensis Londoño & Zurita, Sp. nov. (Fig. 2). Tyre: BOLIVIA. Cocuasamba: Prov. Carrasco, Distrito Chapare, localidad Israel, orilla del Rio Sajta, 270 m, 17° 12' 33" S, 64º 49' 47" W 8 Aug 2004, E. Zurita & J. Huaranca EZ 302 (HOLOTYPE: BOLV; isotypes: BOL, COL, TULY, US).
[| [| E s n.a H Im LI PE ET “ia
32 ICAOA £11]
Ic 3 e J L H A ein ` E J Sne R AMA 1 1 Sal, L L p PN | H [| L L [| Jal £ a Li E] P Thornv branch. D. Foli leaf liaul abaxial view. E. Culm seament. with tl t tl les (Zurita 302. BOLV) d bi kl Li ki 7 V y, J Bambusa lignosa, spinosa. Rhi ta pachy pha. Culmi 18-25 m longi (3. nd cm in d internodia a cm EE Folia culmorum 29-57 cm SE 35-54 lata ad basim, coriacea, decidua, triangularia, (vagina albido-bru ersus lamina ); vagina 23-50 cm longa; isa (44-)9-15 cm loni a, 14—17 fo) | 6B cm lata, triangularis, erecta, viridis ES i-rubescentem, inflata in j Folia ramorum Use ibd od 5-8(-10); . 1 EM 1.1 “4 Mas 1 1 : e 3 fimbri llae; 1 lopetiolus 2-4 longus; lamina (5-}15-23(-25)c imos (Q. 621. 3-2 Gina: bale glabra de Papos: et tessellata, api inato. Synfl ti visae. Caryopsis non visa.
Woody, thorny bamboo. Rhizomes pachymorph. Culms (15-)18-25 m tall, (3.5-)7-12 cm in diam ., erect at base, arching from the middle to the apical portion, whitish-green when young, dark green at maturity; internodes 22—50(-70) cm long, cylindrical, hollow, some filled with water, the wall 1-1.5 cm thick, densely pubescent, with white hairs when young, glabrous and smooth when mature; nodes solitary, the nodal line horizontal, with a pubescent supranodal band 1.45-2.2 cm inn of dense, Bde soft, appressed short hairs, and an infranodal band 1-2 cm wide of white, appressed hairs, t I 1; bud single, triangular. Culm leaves 29-57 cm long, 35-54 cm wide at the base, coriaceous, Ea triangular,
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blade and sheath conspicuously distinguished by color and pubescence when young; sheaths 23-50 cm long, whitish-green and maculate with red when young then becoming cream-brownish to stramineous, abaxially sericeous becoming glabrous, covered when young by a single type of hairs, appressed, transpar- ent or silky hairs up to 1 mm long, looking like wool, easily detached from the surfaces, adaxially glabrous and shiny, the margins smooth and papery; inner ligules 0.5-1 mm long, straight to slightly curved at the middle, extending completely from margin to margin, adaxially glabrous and shiny, abaxially canescent, the margin densely ciliate, the cilia up to 0.6 mm long, whitish or grey in color; blades (4-)9-15 cm long, 14—17 cm wide, 1/5 as long as the sheath, broadly EH erect, pee inflated at the central part, green to reddish-green, abaxially glabrescent, less 1 ifferent in color, adaxially densely hispid between the nerves, covered by transparent, non-appressed, stiff hairs, up to 2.5 mm long, stramineous or brownish when young becoming gray, glabrescent toward the margins, the margins papery, fimbriae to smooth, the apex mucronate, the mucro 1.2-1.5 mm long. Branching intravaginal, consisting of one main branch and 1 to 6 secondary branches, the branches manifestly armed, thorns (123-4 per node, curved or recurved. Foliage leaves 5—8(-10) per complement; sheaths subglabrous, with a patch of hyaline, villous hairs along the midnerve near the apex, the summit glabrous, the overlapping margin conspicuously ciliate, the underlapping one ciliolate to smooth and papery; inner ligules 0.3-0.5 mm long, puberulous, the margin minutely ciliolate to smooth; outer ligules 0.2-0.3 mm long, glabrous and shiny, stramineous, the margin smooth; pseudopetioles 2-4 mm long, adaxially scabridulous, abaxially glabrous and pulvinate, the pulvinus yellowish, shiny; blades (5-)15-23(-25) cm long, (0.6-)1.3-2 cm wide, LW = 8-13:1, 11-14-nerved, linear-lanceolate, adaxially usually glabrous, rarely bearing sparse, transparent, strigose hairs up to 1 mm long, with 3-5 raised scabrid submarginal nerves on one side, abaxially glabrous, densely papillose and tessellate, the midrib and primary nerves prominent and yellow at the middle and lower part, one margin scabrous, the other scabridulous, the apex acuminate with a mucro 1.5-2.5 mm long. Synflorescences not seen. Feann not seen.
Etymology.—Th itl to the Amazon biogeographical district of the Chapare River, Cochabamba, Bolivia where this species is found. Distribution and habitat. —Known only from the department of Cochabamba, Carrasco, Chapare, below
900 m of elevation, with a total annual precipitation estimated to be 6000 mm and a median temperature of 25°C. It occurs along rivers and creeks, such as the Sajta and Ivirza, and is associated with Hura crepitans L., Guadua sarcocarpa Londoño & Peterson, Mendoncia aspera Nees, Cecropia sp., and Costus sp.
Common name.—Tacuara hembra or tacuara.
Uses.—Guadua chaparensis culms are used by local communities to make fences, walls, water contain- ers, and for conducting water.
Affinities —Guadua ch j t closely resembles G. tagoara (Nees) Kunth and G. incana. They share a culm that is whitish-green ¡nen young to dark green at maturity; er and SE nua 20 to 80 cm long with walls less than 15 mm thick; coriaceous culm leaves wit ight to slightly curved at the middle, abaxially with a canescent indument, looking like wool and easily dead ed with the margins densely ciliate; a eae ee page as leaves in complements of 5 to 8(-10); foliage leat sheaths bearing a patch of I the apex; pulvinate pseudopetioles that are abaxially glabrous; and a prominent and vello midnerve and primary nerves on the abaxial surfaces of the foliage leaf blades (Table 1).
Although they share several characters, Guadua chaparensis has a combination of vegetative features that distinguishes it from G. incana and G. tagoara even in the absence of inflorescences. The most evident ones are (a) the sericeous abaxial surface of the culm leaf sheaths, covered by one type of hair (vs. pubes- cent, covered by two or three different types of hair and forming a hispid surface); and (b) the absence of fimbriae at the summit of the foliage leaf sheath (vs. present) (Table 1). With respect to G. weberbaueri and G. sarcocarpa, G. chaparensis also shares several vegetative characters listed in Table 1.
Additional specimens examined. BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Prov. Carrasco, localidad Israel, 270 m, 17? 14' 56" S, 64? 51' 84" W, 270 m, 5 May 2004, Zurita & Baldelomar EZ176 (BOL, CUVC); al borde del camino, 270 m, 17? 12' 20" S, 64° 49' 36" W, 270 m, 4 May 2005,
34 t tani itute of Texas 2(
Zurita & Soto EZ320 (BOL, COL); Israel, 270 m, 22 Nov 2005, Zurita & Soto EZ324 (BOL, TULV); Proyecto Valle del Sacta, km 240 en la carretera Santa Cruz-Villa Tunari, 64° 46' W, 17? 0' S, 290 m, 12-14 Jul 1989 (2), D. N. Smith, V. Garcia, M. Buddensiek, J. Leon & C. Negrete 13720 (MO).
Guadua weberbaueri Pilger, Feddes. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1:152. 1905; Bambusa weberbaueri (Pilger) Mc- Clure, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 9:68. 1973. Type: PERU. San Martin: MODE emia ‘marona,” Weberbauer 4562 (HOLOTYPE:
H 1 ] LADO 3
, here designated: MO g
Etymology.—The "m epithet refers to the German botanist and expedition leader August Weberbauer (1871-1948), who devoted his life to studying the flora of Peru.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The first author thanks Colciencias and INCIVA for supporting the fieldwork (Grant No. 2108-07-009-85). Special thanks are given to Daniel Debouck and Alba Marina Torres for their support and to herbarium facilities in the International Center of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in Palmira, Colombia, and to the curators and staff of the US herbarium at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Special thanks go to Lynn G.
Clark for imp d ipt with her comments and to Tarciso Filgueiras for the Latin diagnoses. The illustrations were FN by Jesús Salcedo and the final art (scale and letters) by Alice R. Tangerini. The second author thanks ASDI-SAREC and the Institute for Research in Architecture-IIA, project Bolbambu. Special thanks to Jose Luis Reque, and to the herbarium BOLV — Biodiversity and Genetic Center. Final preparation of the manuscript was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0515712 to L.G. Clark.
REFERENCES Bamsoo PHYLOGENY WORKING GROUP. 2005. www.eeob.iastate.edu/research/bamboo/index.html CLARK, L.G. 1992. Chusquea sect. Swallenochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoidea) and allies in Brazil. Brittonia 44:387—422. JANSEN, D.H. 1976. Why bamboos wait so long to flower? Ann Rev UEM & t 7 ÓN SC
Jubziewcz, E L.G. CLARK, X. Lonpoño, and MJ, STERN. 1999. A Press, Washington 8 London. LonboKo, X. and L.G. CLARK. 2002a. A revision of the Brazilian bamboo genus É lon (Poaceae: Bambuseae:
Guaduinae). Syst. Bot. 27:703-721. Lonpoño, X. and L.G. Clark. 2002b. Three new taxa of Guadua (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from South America. Novon 12:64-76.
LONDONO, X. and P. Pererson. 1992. Guad is (P Bam ideae), its taxonomic identity, morphol- ogy and relationships. Novon 2: i -47. Lonboño, X. and P. Peterson. 1991. G pa (P Baml ), a new Amazonian bamboo with fleshy
fruits. Syst. Bot. 16:630—638.
Louton,J., J. GELHAUS, and R. BoucHARo. 1996. The aquatic macrofauna of water-filled bamboo (P Bambusoid Guadua) internodes in a Peruvian lowland tropical forest. Biotropica 28:228- did
MARULANDA, M.L. P. MÁRQUEZ, and X. LoNpoRo. 2002. AFLP's analysis of Guad lia (P Bambusoideae) in Colombia with emphasis in the Coffee Region. Bamboo Sci. Culture 16(1):32-42.
McClure, EA. 1966. The bamboos — A fresh perspective. Cambridge. Harvard Univ. Press.
Ruiz-SANCHEZ, E, V. Sosa, and MT. Mena. In press. Phylogenetic position of the American bamboo Otatea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) based on coDNA and morphological data. Syst. Bot.
Soperstrom, T.R. and S.M. YOUNG. 1983. A guide to collecting bamboos. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70:128-136.
STAPLETON, C MA 1997. The morphology of woody bamboos. In: GP Chapman, ed. The bamboos. Academic Press, London. Pp. 251-267.
Young, S.M. and WS. Jupo. 1992. Systematics of the Guadua angustifolia complex (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79:737—769.
TETRAZYGIA PARALONGICOLLIS (MICONIEAE: MELASTOMATACEAB), A NEW SPECIES FROM THE SIERRA DE BAORUCO AND SIERRA MARTIN GARCIA, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Walter S. Judd & Gretchen M. lonta E od Clase Department of Botany lardín Bot ional Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso 220 Bartram Hall . Box 118526 Santo Domingo, REPÚBLICA eli University of Florida ted claseghotmail.co NA Horida 32611, U.S.A. wjudd@botany.ufl.edu
J, Dan Skean, Jr. ir ent of Biology A College Albion, See 49224, USA. dskean@albion.edu
ABSTRACT l e TT yc 16; Maria Circa P alus DAR Republic, is described TL: A o E r " 1 : r r 720-860 m, EP p 1 Los I 1 1 lia:
T. longicollis and T. elaeagnoides.
RESUMEN
Se describe En poa una nueva especie de la adds E Baoruco y de la Sierra Martin Garcia de la Repüblica Do- los 720—860 m de altitud, y se compara con sus
minican presuntos parientes más cercanos: T. EH y E ehemals
Key Woros: Hispaniola, Dominican Republic, Melastomataceae, Miconieae, Tetrazygia
During the course fheldworl lucted i ti ith the study of the systematics of Miconieae (Melas-
+
ua herbarium material of a distinctive species was collected in the Sierra Martin Garcia (by W.S. Judd, in 1992 and 2006) and Sierra de Baoruco (by T. Clase, in 2001). It is now evident that these collections represent an undescribed species of Tetrazygia (Miconieae, Melastomataceae), which appears to be closely related to T. longicollis Urb. & Cogn. and T. elaeagnoides (Sw.) DC. These plants are described here, provided with the name T. paralongicollis, and compared morphologically with the above mentioned species.
Recent molecular-based phylogenetic analyses (F. Michelangeli, R. Goldenberg, W. Judd, and others; unpublished data) indicate that Tetrazygia, a genus of ca. 20 species (Judd & Skean 1991; Liogier 2000), is not monophyletic as traditionally circumscribed. The species of Tetrazygia Rich. are intermixed in prelimi- nary cladograms with members of SE other pe of Miconieae, especially Pachyanthus A. Rich. and Calycogonium DC., two genera that y Antillean in distribution, asis Tetrazygia. Clarification of generic limits within this sidade of the EEN i.e., an Antillean complex (see Michelangeli et al. 2004, 2008) is beyond the scope of this paper, but we note fat T. elaeagnoides, which has 4-merous flowers (as does T. longicollis and the species described herein), in preliminary cladistic analyses does not appear to be closely related to the species with 5- or 6-merous flowers, such as T. bicolor (Mill.) Cogn., T. coriacea Urb., and T. lanceolata Urb.
Tetrazygia paralongicollis Judd, lonta, Clase & Skean, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Tree: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. PEDERNALES n cs da Ral 1601 Cees Ta El DAS 1 e 1 oA mare y | jc A Eus Ix E
lentalis. Lat
71° 37' 63" W, Long. 18? 6' 7" N, 720 m, 19 Jul 2001 (fl, fr), T. Clase & P Delprete 3035 (HoLoTYrE: JBSD; isotypes: FLAS, NY, S).
J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 35 — 40. 2008
36 Jo tani itute of Texas 2(1)
1 1 ae
1 : : “rr - 4 1 14] : : trir] d d 31 471.1 &r Coon J etellatic (sre PRIMA veins a ES E : : D f. . D
0
Species haec ab Tet
WIE I ULL LIC. Del L L i" D D
ca. 1.2 mm longis (vs. 1-5 mm longis).
Shrub or small tree to 6 m tall, with gray, horizontally furrowed bark; lateral | hes arising from the main trunk « horizontally, then arching upward. Indumentum of See pele Aerrugineous, nearly sessile to long-stalked, globular-stellate hairs, and often also simple, el 0.6 to 1.4 mm long,
these sometimes with minute antrorse bristles. Young twigs 2— 5 mm wide, slightly quadrangular, with the interpetiolar face (in relation to the distally adjacent node) slightly concave, the adjacent sides slightly convex, becoming terete with age, with moderate to dense globular-stellate hairs and often sparse simple, elongate multiseriate hairs, many breaking off with age; internodes 1.1-6.1 cm long (to 8.5 cm in vigor- ously growing vegetative shoots). Leaves with petiole 6-9.4 mm long, (but to 28 mm in leaves of vigorously growing vegetative shoots), with dense globular-stellate hairs; blade 2.5—6.8(-20.4) cm long, 0.6-2.2(-7.7) cm wide, 3.1—4.2 (2-3.5 in leaves of vigorously growing sucker-shoots) times longer than wide, ovate to el- liptic, flat, coriaceous, the apex acute to acuminate, with the tip of the leaf with upturned margins, forming a mucro 0.5—1.1(-6) mm long with adaxial pocket, the base narrowly acute to cuneate or slightly cordate, the margin plane to slightly revolute, nearly entire, i.e., with only a very few teeth along distal portion of blade, and these at most 0.1 mm long, to + clearly serrulate or ciliate-serrulate, with teeth 0.1-0.3 mm long, sometimes associated with a short multiseriate hair, + evenly spaced along margin; venation acrodromous, basal to suprabasal, with prominent midvein and 4 secondary veins (6 in leaves of rapidly growing vegeta- tive shoots), 2 conspicuous secondary veins positioned 1.7—4(-16 in sucker-shoot leaves) mm from margin, and 2 inconspicuous secondary veins closer to margin (but sucker-shoot leaves with an additional pair of inconspicuous, + intramarginal, secondary veins), numerous percurrent tertiary veins oriented subper- pendicular to midvein, the tertiary veins occasionally separated by composite-intertertiary veins (but such veins more common on leaves of sucker-shoots), the higher-order veins reticulate; adaxial surface green, initially with numerous globular-stellate hairs, but quickly glabrescent, the midvein and major secondary veins moderately impressed, minor secondary and tertiary veins slightly impressed to flat, and higher order veins flat, the surface appearing minutely papillose after drying ES to ene of numerous subglobose
subcuticular druse crystals; abaxial surface light E with d , globular-stellate hairs obscuring the epidermal surface, and sometimes elongate —€—— Gerten some stellate hairs on the major veins dans ferrugineous, the midvein — raised, j ] lerately raised,
minor secondary veins, tertiary veins, and some composite-intertertiary veins slightly raised, and higher- order veins flat (or very slightly raised in some leaves of sucker-shoots). Inflorescences 3- to 12-flowered pyramidal cymes of 1 to 2 branch-pairs, 4—7.5 cm long, 1.7—5 cm in diameter; proximal segment of lowermost inflorescence branches 1.4-2.5 cm long, distal internodes of inflorescence branches increasingly shorter, ultimate branches 1.1-1.9 cm long, and flowers appearing in 1- to 3-flowered dichasia, with dense globular- stellate hairs and sparse elongate multiseriate hairs; peduncle 0.5-2.1 cm long, with similar indumentum; proximal inflorescence branch associated with pair of persistent leaflike bracts, 2.5-4.3 cm long, 0.7-1.2 cm wide, similar in form to vegetative leaves, other inflorescence branches ted with pair of caducous bracts (and not present on specimens examined). Flowers perfect, zygomorphic (due to androecium form), with pedicel 1.4-1.5 mm long, the indumentum similar to that of inflorescence branches. Free portion of hypanthium slightly constricted above ovary, flaring and funnelform distal to the constriction, 2.9-3.8 mm long, outer surface with dense to moderate globular-stellate hairs and sparse elongate multiseriate hairs, the inner surface slightly 16-ridged, glabrous except for occasional minute-globular hairs on the ridges. External calyx lobes 4, ca. 1.2 mm long, ca. 0.8 mm wide, narrowly triangular, with acute apex, and terete in cross section, with dense globular-stellate hairs; internal calyx lobes 4, 0.6-0.8 mm long, 2.9-3.4 mm wide, broadly triangular, apex rounded, green to red-tinged, with dense globular-stellate hairs abaxially, glabrous adaxially, the margin membranaceous, minutely erose; calyx tube ca. 1.5 mm long. Petals 4, im- bricate in bud, + asymmetrical, ovate-obovate, 5.2-6.1 mm long, 4.3-4.9 mm wide, glabrous, white; apex rounded; margin entire. Stamens 8, anther elongate-ovate, 4.6-5.2 mm long, glabrous, pale yellow, very
Judd et al., A ies of Tet iaf the Domini R | bli 37
AA A SS NN. AA ON
Ay oH
ES S PF
Ny, ne REY
ez
D
FH delo a lo E
um 2
a
d et
Sg
oH "
E E 3 mm SE É a — Su Ne Y Ke pa A
q*
Fic. 1. A-I. Tet ygi | / gi llis. A. Dichasium, witl fl | B. Stamen C 0
* i f haxial leaf surf E Ovarv. in cross-section. E Petal. G. Berrv. H Habit |. Leaf. abaxial surface d d F
except for “I” which is from Judd 8148 (FLAS)).
: D. Stellate
I I Eat Dos H In LI eh nd fT fai 1*7
38
slightly sagittate at base, fertile the entire length, and opening by a single dorso-apical pore, the filament terete, 5.8-6 mm long, glabrous, white. Ovary 4-loculate, ca. 4/5 inferior, ellipsoidal and slightly 4-lobed, 3.5-3.9 mm long, 2.1-2.5 mm wide, with cylindrical apical crown ca. 0.7 mm long encircling base of style, the crown slightly 8-ridged, with sparse stellate hairs and elongate-uniseriate hairs at apex; style ca. 15 mm long, terete, glabrous. Placentation axile with placentas inserted into locules with narrowed longitudinal placental stalk with flattened ellipsoid distal portion, T-shaped in cross-section; ovules numerous. Nearly mature berries 9-12 mm in diameter, globose-ellipsoid, with strongly constricted persistent hypanthium, green when immature, but probably turning purple-black at maturity, with sparse globular-stellate hairs. Seeds angular-obovoid, 0.7-0.9 mm long; testa + smooth.
Distribution and habitat —Tetrazygia paralongicollis is restricted to the southern part of the Dominican Republic where it has been collected only in the Sierra de Baoruco and Sierra Martin Garcia (Fig. 2), from 720—860 m. In the Sierra de Baoruco it occurs in Pinus occidentalis Sw. forests, while in the Sierra Martin Garcia it grows in moist montane forest (on limestone). In the Sierra Martin Garcia, associated melastomes include Calycogonium hispidulum Cogn., Miconia laevigata (L.) DC., Sagraea fuertesii (Cogn.) Alain, Tetrazygia elaeagnoides (Sw.) DC., and T. longicollis Urb. & Cogn.
Etymology.—Ihe specific epithet highlights the purported close relationship of this species with Tetra- zygia longicollis, especially as evidenced in the characteristics of its flowers and fruits.
Vegetative anatomy.—Stem, leaf, and petiole anatomy were assessed in material of Tetrazygia paral- ongicollis, i.e., Judd 8148 (FLAS) and Clase & Delprete 3035 (FLAS), and leaf and petiole anatomy were as- sessed in material of T. longicollis, i.e., Judd 6656 (FLAS) and T. elaeagnoides, i.e., Judd 6553 (FLAS) using the phloroglucinol-hydrochloric acid technique outlined by Howard (1974). As is typical of Melastomataceae, me stems =o eS "eue a ring of xylem with phloem das both externally and internally
of Miconieae, medullar y vascular bundles are presen t. The pith i 15 ligni- fed, and petivásculi fibers are lacking, but there are scattered lignified idioblasts in the inner portion of the cortex, which may have a protective function (because they surround the stele). Druses also are present in the cortex. The nodes are unilacunar/unifascicular, but the vascular bundle divides within the petiole base, forming several bundles in the petiole. The petioles (sectioned at their midpoint) of all three species exhibit a U-shaped pattern composed of 7 to 11 vascular bundles, with the individual bundles composed of xylem surrounded by phloem. The ground parenchyma is unlignified, but in T. paralongicollis there are a i Ge lignified idioblasts, and in T. viii Pad are numerous lignified idioblasts. The petioles of
: ] lignified idioblasts, but | ant EC tal ee parena 15 wind packed with PR In contrast, the p hy of T. Petras and T. 1 rystals The leaves of all three species have dorsoventral blades with an epidermis, palisade and spongy ——
the midvein has several vascular bundles, which are more or less arranged in a ring. Lignified idioblasts are present in the parenchyma associated with the midvein vascular bundles of T. paralongicollis and T. longicollis, while these cells are lacking in T. elaeagnoides. The abaxial leaf surface of all three species is covered with a thick layer of stellate hairs, which are variably lignified. As with the petiole, the parenchyma of the midvein of T. elaeagnoides contains very abundant druses. Druses are present in the lamina of all three species, with these iun placed below the epidermis in either the palisade or spongy mesophyll.
Addit 1 collecti DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Azua Prov.: Sierra Martin Garcia, Loma del Aguacate, hill d rid f ntain west of Barreras, ca. 850-860 m, See collecteg along trail from Barreras to El Copey, 17 May 1992 (sterile), Judd 6552 (FLAS, JBSD); Sierra Martin Garcia, hill SW of Barreras, along trail from Barrera toward El Copey (from N side of town, trail
starts to NNW, cuts W, then SW, hens: then more or less W, with variance); near Barahona, 810-820 m. Lat. 18° 19' 4.4" N, Long. 70° 56! 47.2" W, Datum: WGS84, 6 Jun 2006 (sterile), Judd 8147 (FLAS, JBSD, MICH, MO, MSC, NY, S, US)
DISCUSSION Tetrazygia paralongicollis is most similar to T. longicollis (incl. T. brevicollis Leonard). This is especially seen in the form of its flowers and fruits, i.e., 4-merous, with conical-terete external calyx lobes, broadly trian- gular internal calyx lobes, ovate-obovate, white petals, stamens with ovate-elongate anthers, an ellipsoidal
Judd et al., A I i f Tet iaf the D
20°N
SS
18" | Hispaniola /4"W 72° 70°
Fic. 2. Distributi f Tet
ovary (only slightly 4-lobed) and with the placentas inserted into locules, T-shaped in cross section, and globose-ellipsoid berries with strongly constricted hypanthium. However, it is consistently differentiated from T. longicollis by its globose-stellate hairs, i.e., with branches radiating in all directions from a globose central region (vs. flattened-stellate hairs, i.e., with branches more or less radiating outward from a central region), the tertiary veins usually connected by reticulate quat y veins, i.e., only occasionally separated by composite-intertertiary veins (vs. tertiary veins usually separated by composite-intertertiary veins, thus making the leaf “tertiary” veins appear to be closer together than they actually are), and external calyx lobes that are ca. 1.2 mm long (vs. variable in length, ca. 1-5 mm long). Tetrazygia paralongicollis is also quite similar to T. elaeagnoides, especially in the morphology of its stellate hairs and in the pattern of venation of its leaves. Tetrazygia paralongicollis is easily distinguished from this species by its hypanthia (and fruits), which are globose-ellipsoid and only very slightly 4-lobed when in flower, becoming unlobed in fruit (vs. subglobose and strongly 4-angled), placental form, i.e., the placenta extended into the locule and T-shaped in cross-section (vs. elliptic in cross-section), and the presence of lignified idioblasts in the parenchyma of the petioles (vs. lignified idioblasts lacking). In addition, many plants of T. elaeagnoides have shorter exter- nal calyx lobes, e.g., ca. 0.2-0.4 mm long, but in some plants Ge B BE as long as 1.6 mm. Plants of T.
le, elon gate, multiseriate
paralongicollis from the type locality differ from both of tl hairs intermixed with the globular-stellate hairs on their stems, abaxial leaf Seet kal margin (in associa- tion with the teeth), inflorescence axes, and hypanthium. The plants of the Sierra Martin Garcia, however, lack these hairs, but these plants (unfortunately, only collected in sterile condition) are considered within T. paralongicollis because their leaf shape, venation, and stellate-hair morphology closely match that of the type specimens. It is noteworthy that the leaves of the Sierra Martin Garcia population are frequently larger than those of either T. longicollis or T. elaeagnoides. This new species occurs with both T. longicollis and T. elaeagnoides in the Sierra Martin Garcia, but no intermediate plants were seen in that region. Only T. longi- collis, however, is known from the Sierra de Baoruco, in the vicinity of the type EES
Tetrazygia paralongicollis, exhibiting a distinctive combination of | characters, satisfies the expectations of the morphological-phenetic (Judd 2007) and diagnostic (Wheeler & Platnick 2000) species concepts.
The description of Tetrazygia paralongicollis brings the number of species of Tetrazygia known from
40 | PR | A a | Li sta fTexas 2(
Hispaniola to eight (Liogier 2000), given that we consider T. urbaniana (Cogn.) Croizat ex Moscoso to be a synonym of the morphologically variable T. tuerckheimii (Cogn.) Ekman & Urb. All the other species of Tetrazygia show fairly broad geographical distributions on the island compared to T. paralongicollis.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Norris Williams, Keeper, and Kent D. Perkins, Collections Manager, of the University of Florida Herbarium (FLAS) in the Florida Museum of Natural History, for assistance in processing specimen loans. We are indebted to the director of JBSD, Daisy Castillo, for the loan of herbarium material. Special thanks are given to Milcíades Mejía, Francisco Jiménez, Brígido Peguero, and other herbarium personnel at the Jardín Botánico Nacional, Santo Domingo (JBSD) for their support of fieldwork in the Dominican Republic. We thank Frances Combs for her help with the illustration of this new species. We also thank J. Richard Abbott, Reuben E. Judd, and P. Delprete for their assistance in the field. This research was supported, in part, by NSF Grant DEB-0515636. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions for improving
the manuscript. REFERENCES
Howanb, R.A. 1974. The stem-node-leaf continuum of the Dicotyledoneae. J. Arnold Arbor. 55:125-181.
Jup, WS. 2007. Revision of Miconia sect. Chaenopleura (Miconieae, Melastomataceae) in the Greater Antilles. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 81:1-235.
Jupp, WS. and J.D. Skean, JR. 1991. Taxonomic studies in the Miconieae (Melastomataceae). IV. Generic realign- ments among terminal-flowered taxa. Bull. Florida Mus. Nat. Hist, Biol, Sci. 36:25-84
Liocier, A.H. 2000. La flora de la Hispañola, Vol. 9. Melastomataceae. Jardín Botánico Nacional "Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso" & Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC). Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
MICHELANGELI, FA., D.S. Penneys, J. Giza, D. Souris, M.H. Hiis, and J.D. Skean, Jr. 2004. A preliminary phylogeny of the tribe Miconieae (Melastomataceae) based on nrlTS sequence data and its implications on inflorescence position. Taxon 53:2/9—290.
MICHELANGEL!, EA. W.S. Juop, D.S. Penneys, J.D. SKEAN, JR, E.R. Becquer, R. GOLDENBERG, and C.V. Martin. 2008. M Itiple e of dispersal and radiation of the tribe Miconieae (Melastomataceae) in the Caribbean. Bot. Rev. 74:53-77.
WHEELER, Q.D. and N.I. PLatnick. 2000. The phylogenetic species concept (sensu Wheeler and Platnick). In: Q.D. Wheeler and R. Meier, eds. Species concepts and phylogenetic theory: a debate. Columbia University Press, New York. Pp. 55-69.
+
UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DE CUATRESIA (SOLANACEAE) DE COSTA RICA Y PANAMÁ
D. Armando Soto A.K. Monro Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) The Natural History Museum (BM) Apdo. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia Cromwell Road London, SVV7 5B COSTA RICA UNITED KINGDOM asotoainbio.ac.cr a.monrognhm.ac.u ABSTRACT
Cuatresia amistadensis, a new species from Costa Rica and Panamá is described and illustrated, and its taxonomic relationships are discussed.
Key Wonps: Solanaceae, Cuatresia, Talamanca, Parque Internacional La Amistad, Costa Rica, Panamá.
RESUMEN
Cuatresi istadensi para Costa Rica y Panamá, es descrita e ilustrada, y se discuten sus relaciones taxonómicas.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Solanaceae, Cuatresia, Talamanca, Parque Internacional La Amistad, Costa Rica, Panamá.
La familia Solanaceae se distribuye en áreas templadas, tropicales y subtropicales, pero su mayor represen- tación se encuentra en el trópico, con ca. 95 géneros y 2200 especies (Nee 2004). El género Cuatresia Hunz. (Hunziker 1977) de origen Neotropical, posee 12 especies publicadas y 6 para Costa Rica (A.Soto en prep.) se distingue del género Witheringia L'Hér. por sus anteras ee y pe no ados (Hunziker 1987); un carácter importante de notar es que el género Cuatresia se distingue de otros g relacionados por su patrón de estivación induplicada (N. Sawyer, com. pers.).
En el trabajo de campo para el proyecto 'Baseline tools for management in PN La Amistad (Costa Rica/Panama), realizado en el Parque Internacional La Amistad entre Costa Rica y Panamá, se recolectó la
siguiente especie de Cuatresia, la cual es descrita a continuación.
Cuatresia amistadensis D.A. Soto & A.K. Monro, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Tro. COSTA RICA. Liston: Cantón de Talamanca, Parque Internacional La Amistad, camp 1, Río Lori, secondary forest adjacent to camp, 17 Feb 2007, A.K. Monro & D. Santamaría 5425 (moLoTIPO: INB, isoriros: BM, MO, PMA) Planta glabra foliis oblongo-ellipticis vel ellipticis, 12.5-21 cm longis et 5-10.5 cm latis, dimidiatis. Inflorescentia cymosa axillaris, pedunculis 3,8-12 cm. Corolla pentamera, campanulata, 7-20 mm longa, lobis oblongo-obtusis, 3-5 mm longis, filamentis 1 mm longis, et tubo corollae ad medium affixo. Gynoecium 6-10 mm. Fructus globosus, 8-12 mm longus. Arbustos t ionalmente epífitos, hasta 4 m de altura. Ramitas glabras, rojo palido—marrón, tallos principales con a engrosados, tallos con hojas con una constricción arriba del nudo, internudos 2,8—8 cm de largo, 2,5-6 cm de ancho. Hojas oblicuas y en pares desiguales, por lo general las hojas menores 4 a 8 veces más pequeñas que las mayores; hojas mayores oblongo elípticas a elípticas, 12,5-21 x 3,5-8.8 cm; hojas menores 0,9-65 cm x 0, ids cm de ancho; el margen poco ondulado y repando, de un color café claro a anarajado-amarillento est te en el envés hacia la vena central, glabras en ambas superficies y un poco escabrosas hacia los márgenes, con pequeñas escamas blanquecinas-cremosas, bases agudas, obtusas y asimétricas, ápice largamente acuminado, peciolos 3-9 mm de largo 1-1,5 mm de ancho. Inflorescencias péndulas de 9~20cm de largo con 2 a 19 flores en 2-3 dicasios, pedúnculos 3,8-12 cm, de menos de 1mm de diámetro, glabros y angulados. Flores con pedicelos de 8-16 mm, obcónicos, menos de 1 mm ancho proximalmente hasta 3 mm distalmente; cáliz glabro, apos de 2-3 mm de largo, erue
acostillado donde cada costilla finaliza en un lóbul I ola verde lada, 7-20 mm de largo, 5-lobada en 1/2 a 2/3 de su extension, lobos oblongo- idos y cuculados, con venación evidente, 3-5 mm de largo, ciliolados en | é , más largos que el tubo, filamentos 1 mm de largo,
fusionados a la corola por la mitad des su longitud, labras: anteras basifijas, 2 mm de largo, no apiculadas;
] Rot Ras Inet Tevac 2(1): AT — 44. 2008
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Fic. 1. Ilustración de Cuatresia amistadensis. A. Rama florífera, B. Infrutescencia, C. Flor, D. Corola abierta, F. Antera, G. Fruto.
pistilo 6-10 mm; estilo apical y estigma claviforme. Frutos 8-12 x 7,5-12 mm, redondeados, cáliz no acres-
cente. Semillas 2,5-3 mm de diámetro, discoides, de color pardo claro con la superficie foveolada. Distribución, hábitat y ecología. —Bosques muy Húmedos y nubosos, bosques primarios y secundarios,
principalmente en la vertiente Caribe, más escasa en el pacífico, al Sur de la Cordillera de Talamanca, en
Costa Rica y Panamá, entre 980-2050 m.
Cat ^J RA Il Cuaoro 1. Cuad parativo entre Cuat tad C. ph y Witheringia cuneata. Carácter Cuatresia amistadensis Cuatresia plowmanii Witheringia cuneata
Pedúnculos
Pubescencia en hojas e inf
Pedicelos Cáliz floral Corola
Estambres
Rango de altitud
3,8-12 cm de largo, «1 mm de diámetro, angulados
Hojas glabras con diminutas escamas blancas. Infl. glabras
8-16 mm muy delgado y difícil de distinguir del cáliz Hipocrateriforme Lobos 3-5 mm, divididos por » 1/3 de su largo, tubo excerto del cáliz por 2-3 mm Filamentos glabros, 1 mm, unidos al a por > Y de su largo, eras 2 mm i 2050 msnm
4-25 cm de largo, 0,75-1 mm de diámetro, cilíndricos
Hojas glabras sin diminutas escamas blancas. Infl. glabras
5-8 mm, muy delgado y difícil de distinguir del cáliz Campanulado Lobos ca. 4 mm, dividido por < 1/3 de su largo, tubo excerto del cáliz por 7-10 mm Filamentos piliformes, 2-3 mm, unido al corola por < Y
e su largo, anteras 2 m
0-2000 msnm
0,3-6 cm de largo, 1-2 mm de diámetro, cilíndricos
puberulentas a pubescentes -6 mm, robusto y claramente
definido del cáliz
dla y truncado
lobos 4-8 mm muy angostos,
tubo Gebees
inserto en el cáliz
Filamentos pilosos, 1 mm,
anteras 2,5-3 mm
100-1900 msnm
Fenología.—Se ha recolectado con flores de Diciembre a Mayo, y con frutos de Febrero a Marzo.
Etimología.—El epíteto de este taxón está dedicado al parque internacional La Amistad, ubicado entre Costa Rica y Panamá (PILA).
Cuatresia amistadensis es fácilmente distinguible por poseer pedúnculos péndulos, muy largos y del- gados, hasta 10.5 cm, además con hojas dimidiadas secando de un color café claro. Esta especie se podría confundir con Witheringia cuneata (Standl.) Hunz., ya que comparten un rango de distribución geográfica similar y porque tienen pedúnculos alargados, pero en W. cuneata son más cortos y robustos, miden como máximo 6 cm. Las diferencias entre ambos taxones se mencionan en el Cuadro 1. Otra especie muy similar es Cuatresia plowmanii A.T. Hunziker, que se distribuye en el Sur de Colombia y Ecuador, el largo de los pedúnculos es similar pero los lobos de la corola en C. plowmanii son triangulares vs. oblongo—acutados, están divididos por < 1/3 del largo de la corola vs. divididos por > 1/3 del largo; además la inflorescencia es una cima unípara vs. compuesta por dicasios y las hojas presentan una venación terciaria muy continua y
d otras diferencias entre estos taxones se anotan en el Cuadro 1.
COSTA RICA.P C de Coto Brus, Z Protect Las Tablas, Cuenca Térraba Sierpe, fi La Neblina, finca
boa 1122 (CR, INB, MO). I Cantón de Talamanca, Parque ] 9?21'25" N, 83°13'20" O, 1900
de Lucho. 9? 05'052' N, 82244733" W. 1850 m, 92041270" N, 82°44'174" O, 1750 m, 11 Mar 2004, (fl) , ridgetop, 9°04' 270 N, Pii 174" O, 1750 m, 13 Mar 2004, f ‘Falso a 9°09'54" N,
l d between
a M PR 825417" N, 82?45'03" O, 2050 m, 1 Mar 1997, B. G le Talamanca, Río Lori d ] Ujan 4s a San losé Cabé 70] (CR INB) PANAMÁ Dora del T
I S Em
nis m Yi
m. 1993 (f) A. E 19 Mar 2004 (fl) E. Alfaro & A.K. Monro 5628 (BM, INB, PMA); La pat A.K Monro & E. Alfaro 4302 (BM, INB, MO, MEXU, PMA); La pata del Ced (£1) A.K Monro & E. Alfaro 4379 (BM, INB, MEXU, MO, PMA); Caribl g 82°40'45" O, 980 m, 25 Mar 2005, A.K Monro & S. Cafferty 4826 (BM, INB, MO, PMA). Chiri Chiriquí Grande, 4—4,5 km N of dam over Fortuna Lake, 8°43'N, 82?17' O, 1100-1135 m, 8 Mar 1985, TB. Croat & M.H. Grayum 60046 (BM, MO); 28 Dic 1995, E. Montenegro & B. Cuevas 1148 (BM); 28 Dic 1995, E. Montenegro & B. Cuevas 1185 (BM); SE slopes of Cerro Pate Macho, trail for Río Palo Alto, 4 km NE of Boquete, 1700—2100 m, 26 May 1981, K. Sytsma et al. 4858 (BM, MO)
AGRADECIMIENTOS
A la Iniciativa Darwin por la beca 415/027 que nos permitió el trabajo de campo. A Cyril H. Nelson en TEFH, por revisar y corregir la traducción latina de la sinopsis. A los curadores de los Herbarios MO, BM,
PMA por permitir el acceso a sus colecciones.
44 [| [| £ al Dos H In LI rr fTexas 2(1 )
REFERENCIAS
Hunziker, A.T. 1977.Estudios sobre Solanaceae VIII. Novedades varias sobre tribus, géneros, secciones y especies de Sud América. Kurtziana 10:7-50
Hunziker, A.T. 1987. Studies on Solanaceae. XXI, A preliminary synopsis of Cuatresia. Opera Bot, 92:/3-82.
Nee, M. 2004. Solanaceae. In: Smith, N., S. Mori, A. Henderson, D. Stevenson, and S.V. Heald. 2004. Flowering plants of the Neotropics. Princeton University Press. The New York Botanical Garden. New Jersey. E.F.UU.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF BACCHARIS SECT. CAULOPTERAE (ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE) FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Angelo Alberto Schneider Ilsi lob Boldrini Geen Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e Pós-Graduacáo em Botánica rograma de Pós-Graduação em Botânica P Bento Goncalves, 9500, Porto Alegre Av. Bento Goncalves, 9500, Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, BRASIL Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, BRASIL angeloschneidereyahoo.com.br ilsi.boldrinigufrgs.br ABSTRACT T peci f Baccharis L. sect Caulopterae DC. (Ast )f highlands of ] Brazil ted, Baccl foliosa A.A. Schneid. & Boldrini and Baccharis fl i A.A Schneid & Boldrini. The new species are del. illustrated es | d P ¿1 : +7 I D 1 : Dn) fl (I 3 DC and D d g Dal , respective ly RESUMEN Dos nuevas especies de Baccharis L. sect. Caulopterae DC. (Asteraceae) que vi n regiones de altitud del de Brasil se pr Baccharis NOIA A. Schneid. & Boldrini and Baccharis fl i A A Schneid. & Boldrini. Se deseen, ans 3i
las similares, Baccharis milleflora (Less.) DC. y Baccharis organensis Baker, respectivamente.
r
The infrageneric classification of Baccharis was recently worked for Giuliano (2001, 2005) to Argentina, Giuliano and Nesom (2003), and by Müller (2006) to Bolivia. Müller used the name “Baccharis genistelloides Group” for the species belonging to Baccharis sect. Caulopterae, which consists of perennial herbs, subshrubs, and shrubs with 2-3- alate stems, normal to squamiform leaves, capitula sessile and arranged in spikes or
vithout paleae, and achenes (5-20)-ribbed and glabrous or papillose. Section
Camlonienies is ded. to South America.
During a taxonomic revision of Baccharis sect. Caulopterae of southern of Brazil two new species were recognized with morphological characteristics that distinguish them from all other species. Baccharis apicifoliosa A.A. Schneid. & Boldrini, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-2). Te: BRAZIL. Rio GRANDE po Sur: Municipio
de São Francisco de Paula, rodovia RS 20, km 97 (29° 26! 31.1"S, 50? 32! 35,2"W), 20 Nov 2007, A.A. Schneider 1542 (HOLOTYPE: ICN; isotypes: K, M
), alis
Affinis B. milleflora sed alis angustioribus, foliis oblongis vel 1 et foliis granulosis albidis punctiformis differt
Shrub, 0.8—1.5 m tall; shoots branched, terminating in a capitulescence; stems 3-winged, wings to 2-8 mm wide, slightly undulate, distinctly interrupted, grayish green, surface cover with whitish granules (stomata), indument of flagellate hairs. Leaves obovate to elliptic, sessile, seemingly 1-veined, covered with whitish granules, indument of flagellate hairs, larger leaves 0.5—1.5 cm long, 0.2-0.6 cm wide, apex obtuse to rounded, base cuneate, margins entire. Capitula sessile, in terminal short spikes 1-3 cm long, forming pyramidal panicles. Male capitula 3-5 mm long.; flowers 10-17; involucre 2-3 mm long, 2—2.5 wide, campanulate; phyllaries in 3—4 series, outermost phyllaries ovate, median phyllaries lanceolate, innermost phyllaries linear, 2.6—3.1 times as long as the outermost; all phyllaries with margins broadly scarious; apex obtuse fimbriate; corolla 3—4.3 mm long, tube 2-2.5 mm long, lobes 1-1.8 mm long, coiled at maturity; anthers with apical appendage 2.73.2 times as long as the filaments, anther apices acute; style slightly exceeding the corolla, with sweeping hairs, the apex nearly fully divided into lanceolate branches, achenes abortive, glabrous and reduced; pappus uniseriate, 3-4 mm long, bristles 15-20, apically broadened and scarcely barbellate. Female capitula 5-7 mm long; flowers 20-30; involucre 3-5.5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, cylindrical; phyllaries in 3—4(—5) series, outermost and median phyllaries like those of male capitula, in- nermost phyllaries linear, 0.5-0.7 mm long., 0.1-0.2 mm wide; corolla 2.5-3 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide,
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filiform, apex short-ligulate with ligule shallowly 3—5-dentate, glabrous; style 5.2-6.1 mm long, branches 0.4—0.8 mm long; achenes 0.9-1.3 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm IES nearly cy lindric, slightly bos later- ally, covered by low papillae; 57) -ribbed, ribs with p 3 mm long, bristles 20-25, persistent, basally fused.
Etymology.—The specific epit] the shoots.
{_pnoranhical Aictedhaitian and habitat e L
r r EE
t refers to the presence of conspicuous leaves only in the apical part of
Restricted to highlands of south Brazil, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. This species grows in grassland, with many individuals occurring abundantly near and in damp areas and often in secondary forests, at altitudes between 750-1500 m, often growing with B. milleflora, B. trimera (Less.) DC. and B. articulata (Lam.) Pers.
PanArvPEs. BRAZIL. Rio G de do Sul: B I ,F da Fundo das Almas, 23 Nov 2001, R. Wasum 1262 (HUCS, PACA); Cambará
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do Sul, Feb 1948, B. Rambo 36246 darn GE ee a 20 Nov 1950, A. Sehnem 5050 (PACA); Sáo Francisco de Paula, rodovia RS 235, 12 Nov 2000, R. Wi Taquara, 26 Nov 2000, R. Wasum 773 (HUC S, PACA); Pró-Mata, 1 Oct 2001, M. Sobral et al. 9394 (ICN). Santa Catarina: Bot Retire: Campo dos Padres, 19 Dec 1948, R. Reitz 2619 (PACA). Urubici, Serra do Corvo Branco, 17 Oct 2006, A. A. Schneider 1358 (ICN).
Baccharis apicifoliosa is similar to Baccharis milleflora (Less.) DC.; the two species are differentiated by con- trasts in the following key.
1. Species with conspicuous leaves, leaves oblong-lanceolate; surface of wings as with
whitish granules; wings to 2-8 mm wide accharis apicifoliosa 1. Species with squamiform leaves; surface of wings without whitish granules; wings to E gra 20) wide Baccharis milleflora
Baccharis flexuosiramosa A.A. Schneid. & Boldrini, sp. nov. (Fig. 3-4). Tyre: BRAZIL. Rio Granne DO Sur: Municipio de Cambará do Sul, Parque Nacional dos Aparados da Serra, Canyon Itaimbezinho, 7 Dec 2006, A.A. Schneider 1419 (HOLOTYPE: ICN; IsoTYPES: K, MO, RB)
BMW. : “1 Al
Bacchari g i Baker similis, 1 folii | ii paci (vs. vernicosis), ramis alatis (vs
1
Shrub, 0.8-2.5 m tall; shoots | hed, terminating in a capit , stems 3-winged, wings to 2-8 mm wide, plane, attenuate near to the nudes internodia long, pur green. Leaves oblanceolate-obovate or elliptic, sessile or with a short petiole to 4 mm long, seemingly 1-veined on the adaxial face and 3-veined on the abaxial face, covered with hair tufts, opaque, 1.2-3 cm long, 0.7-1.8 cm wide, apex obtuse to rounded, base attenuate, margins entire, l-nervate in adaxial face and 3-nervate in abaxial face. Capitula sessile, in terminal short spikes, 1-3 cm long, forming pyramidal panicles. Male capitula 5 mm long; flowers 20; involucre 4 mm long, 2-2.4 mm wide, en Rue in 4 4 series, outermost phyllaries ovate, median phyllaries See lanceolate, innermost phy nceolate or lanceolate, 2.8-3.2 times as long as the outermost; all phyllaries with 11 | te with Ambas hairs; corolla 3-3.5 mm long, tube 2-2.5 mm long, with i» hairs, lobes | mm dono coiled at maturity; anthers with apical appendage 3 times as long as the filaments, apices acute; style slightly exceeding the corolla, with sweeping hairs, the apex nearly fully divided into lanceolate branches, dilated towards apex, with few hairs, achenes abortive glabrous and reduced; pappus uniseriate, 3-3.5 mm long, bristles 15-20, apically broadened and scarcely barbellate. Female capitula 5-6 mm long; flowers 20-25; involucre 4.5—5.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, cylindrical; phyllaries in 3—4 series, outermost and median phyllaries like those of male capitula, innermost phyllaries lanceolate-linear; corolla 2.3-2.6 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide, filiform, ligulate with dentate ligule, glabrous; style 3.1-4 mm long, with few hairs; achenes 1.5-1.8 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, nearly cylindric, slightly compressed laterally, covered with inconspicuous papillae; 6(-8)-ribbed, ribs with papillae more prominent; pappus uniseriate, 2.8-3.3 mm long, bristles 15-20, persistent, basally fused.
Etymology.—The specific epithet refers to the flexibility of the shoots.
Geographical distribution and habitat. —Restricted to the highlands of southern Brazil, in the states Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. This species grows on the borders of cold forests and on shores of rivers at altitudes between 900-1500 m.
PARATYPES. BRAZIL. Rio G de do Sul: Municípi de Cambará do Sul, Parque Naci ld AT los dat , Canyon lt bezinho, 7 Dec 2006, 4.4. Schneider 1420 (ICN); M le São F le Paula, Distrito de Tainhas, Camping Passo da IIha, 29? 05' 09.2"5, 50? 21' 48.9"W, 900 m, 4 Dec 2006, AA. ORUM 1448 (ICN). Santa Catarina: Município de Urubici, S lo C B , 28° 03'
36.5"S , 49? 21' 48.1"W, 1400 m, 18 Oct 2006, A.A. Schneider 1348.
Baccharis flexuosiramosa has 3-veined leaves and apparently is closely related to B. organensis; the two species differ by contrasts in the following key. 1. Shoots winged; leaves seemingly 1-veined on adaxial face, 1.2-3 cm long, 0.7-1.8 cm wide
Baccharis flexuosiramosa 1. Shoots not winged; | 3-veined on adaxial face, 3.5-5.5(-6.5) cm long, 1.5-2.6 cm wide wide Baccharis organensis
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Fic, 4. Baccharis fl i A Flowering branch, female plant B. Leaf C. Part off | ikes. D. Female capitula E Phyllaries of | itul ter t ). F. Male flower. G. Female flower. H. Acl ined by SEM (A Cand G-H H from A.A. Schneider 1419, ICN). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thanks Rafael Trevisan and E dee EN ee L. Nesom and Jochen Müller for the
13
reviews and suggestions, Jair G. Kray for , Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento
de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for the al support of our cies REFERENCES Guuiano, D.A. 2001. Clasificación infragenérica de las especies argentinas de Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Darwiniana 39:131-154 GIULIANO, D.A. 2005. New infragenera in Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Novon 15:535-541.
f. * | IDA: AI H £n | 5 E al n 2] 51
GIULIANO, D.A. and G.L. Nesom 2003. A new section of Baccharis (Asteraceae: Astereae), and notes on allied taxa. Sida 20:1481-1484,
Overa, A.S., L.P. DEBLE, AA SCHNEIDER, and J.N.C. Marchiori. 2006. Checklist do género Baccharis L. (Asteraceae- Astereae) para o Brasil. Balduinia 9:17-27.
MULLER, J. 2006. Systematics of Baccharis (Compositae-Astereae) in Bolivia, including an overview of the genus. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 76:1—339.
BOOK REVIEW
lan R. Hatt, GORDON T. BROWN, AND ALESSANDRA ZAMBONELLI. 2007. Taming the Truffle: The History, Lore, and Science of the Ultimate Mushroom. (ISBN 978-0881928600, hbk.). Timber Press, Inc., 133 S.W. Second Avenue, Suite 450, Portland, Oregon 97204-3527, U.S.A. (Orders: www.timberpress.com, mail? timberpress.com, 1-503-227-2878, 1-800-327-5680, 1-503-227-3070 fax). $29.95, 304 pp., 9" x 6".
Contents: Preface Acknowledgments 1. From the Past Comes the Present.—Regions of Renown; La Grande Mystique; The Golden Age of Truffles; Magical Powers and Me- dicinal Virtues 2. Science to the Rescue.—Mycorrhiza: An Intimate Relationship; Types of Mycorrhizas; Structure of Ectomycorrhizas, Underground Warfare; The Collapse of pe encon New PS 3. Identifying Truffle Species. , Nomenclature, and T: y; Identifying Species of Truffles; Périgord Black Truffle; ee or Summer inci Winter Truffle; Bagnoli Truffle or Truffe Mésentérique; Smooth Black Truffle; Asiatic Truffle; Italian White Ti oloure ies; North OEA Pale- Coloured Ti Truffles; dis Truffle: Desert Truffles; Inedible and Poisonous “Truffles; Other Species of Truffle; False Truffles; Ee Truffle Species from Their M izas; Identifying Truffl g Molecular Techniques 4. The Habitats of Some Commercial Truffles.— Périgord eu Truffle; Burgundy or Summer Truffle; Italian White Truffle; Bianchetto; Desert Truffles
This was a delightful book covering most of ything you ever wanted to know about truffles. For instance, I learned that during medieval times, truffles garded as witches spit—quit Il from th rin É the gods during the time ee Roman rule! Dr. Hall tnl] Lost TL we (egal I
] JA 11 1 £T
CELLS tio [ar]
-rl 1 : 1 1 “41 FÉ. 3 asf PRE 1 lies f, fei £11 a E 1
1 soil dod "i temperature, as Ge sun/shade conditione: and tn trees iid which. Ss aus il bes: Since carmen are and growing
of truffles. ME : £m 1 a | | 1 A NT E : : E lr n led KA P" L i [= PES n LI to home to train dnd truffle EH tl ion that truffle pigs may be less A tog p their found truff! tl TÉ 1 a 64 cr] E. 1: " "mi f: " rr] 71 1 e [tf] dogs. If y j I gg are in season, and [ ide at least F hj b, “Rain in July, truffles for Christmas.” Tal : Fg A | 1 Te 1 1 1 H 1 7 HËNN Le JA H I thoroughly enjoy y yp gs. That PE eid have a wonderful r1 EP 1: 1 1 1 1 ti Kay Yount O L ia E fuerte,
Tarrant County Master Gardener and BRIT Volunteer, Fort Worth, Texas, U. e A.
J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 52. 2008
TWO NEW COTONEASTERS (COTONEASTER: ROSACEAE) FROM YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA
Jeanette Fryer Bertil Hylmót
Cornhill Cottage, Honeycritch Lane Bjuv, SWEDEN Froxfield, Petersfield, Hampshire U32 1BE ENGLAND
ABSTRACT Two new cotoneasters are described from Yunnan Province, dude Cotoneaster qungbixiensis is disti df the similar C , less rugose, decid llipti ly Both species are in the hem
described series Sterniani, e differs nen series Franchetioides in having semi-evergreen to E foliage that is green not y its less shiny and less rugose
a and na no) didi
leay a A DEE fet RESUMEN
So d da e gt incia de Yunnan, ee t ter qungbixi i disti de C. sternianus por sus hoj d ás delgadas, menos rugosas, que son te elípti poco ao das Están en la Serie Sterniani d d? EE EENG TE | 1 L: 4 7 E 3
E d : | verde grisaceas, y el color de las anteras mucho más padoe t ter floridus de la Serie Dielsiani parable de C. dielsi I , brillantes y menos rugosas, inf] flores, y frutos obovoides.
In EE of a DE of the genus Cotoneaster two new species and one new series have come to light, all in the subgenu Cotoneaster, and are described | t] for use in the upcom-
ing treatment of the genus in the Flora of North America.
Cotoneaster series Sterniani J. Fryer & B. Hylmó, ser. nov. Wee: Cotoneaster sternianus (Turrill) Boom, Jaarb. Ned. Dendrol Ver. 20:81. 1957
Affinis Cot ies F hetioides Flinck & B. Hylmö sed folii I i , SUT trovi , antheris albis, pyrenis 3, —4, —vel
5 differt.
Shrubs, small t lium sized, often densely branched. Leaves deciduous or semi-evergreen, subcoriaceous
or coriaceous, lower surface tomentose, upper surface rugose. Inflorescences 1-20-flowered; the fertile shoots 10-70 mm long. Flowers with hypanthium tomentose-pilose. Anthers mostly white. Fruit orange- red. Pyrenes (2—)3—4(—5). Fruiting mid to late season.
Cotoneaster series Sterniani includes five species: Cotoneaster elegans (Rehder & E.H. Wilson) Flinck & B. Hylmó; C. induratus J. Fryer € B. Hylmó; C. insculptus Diels; C. qungbixiensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmó; and C. sternianus. Members of the series Sterniani are distributed in Asia from China (Yunnan, Xizang (Tibet),
Sichuan) to Myanmar. Species belonging to series Sterniani are closely related to those of series Franchetioides, which differ
in having evergreen leaves, with the upper leaf surface grayish-green, anthers mauve, pink, or purple, and
pyrenes 2 or 3 per fruit.
Cotoneaster qungbixiensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmó, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Tyee: CHINA. Yunnan: Dali Xian, near Dali, eastern slope of Cangshan, Qung Bi Xi, 15 Sep 1987, K. Brickell & A. Leslie 12455 (HoLoTyrE: WSY; isotypes: E, KUN).
Affinis Cotoneaster sternianus nian B d foliis decid ] hart l teril gusto-ovatis vel angusto-ellit is t tis et venis 2—4 bini dier, Shrubs, 23 m tall. Branches erect and arched, spreading; branchlets distichous o piraled, reddish-brown,
initially strigose-pilose. Leaves deciduous or semi-evergreen, chartaceous, on sterile shoots narrowly ovate or narrowly elliptic, 28-42 x 13-21 mm, base cuneate or obtuse, apex typically acute-truncate, or rarely
J. Bot. Res. Inst, Texas 2(1): 53 — 56. 2008
Fic. 1. Cotoneaster qungbixiensis. A. Flowering shoot. B, C. Fruiting ` Fic. 2. Cotoneaster floridus. A. Flowering shoots. B, C. Fruiting shoots. S
acute, lower surface greyish tomentose, upper surface slightly rugose, dark green, shiny, initially pilose, lateral veins 2—4 impressed pairs; petiole 3-4 mm long, often red, strigose-pilose. Inflorescences compact, 3-9(-15) flowered; fertile shoots 30-50 mm long with 4-6 leaves; pedicels 1-3 mm, strigose- pilose. Flow- ers (including hypanthium) 7-8 mm long; hypanthium infundibulate, silky tomentose; sepals cuspidate or acuminate, tomentose. Corolla open; petals erect-incurved, pink with dark red base, apex yellowish to off- white. Stamens 20; filaments dark red; anthers white. Fruit orange-red, slightly shiny, globose or obovoid, 8-10 mm, pilose, calyx lobes infolded, appressed and forming a flat apex, tomentose. Pyrenes 2-34 (ca. 10%-80%-10%), rarely 5, persistent style on abaxial surface, 2/3 from base.
E | Hyl ó, T ras j £ PL 55
Growing | g batcl f seeds y ield ifi plants, suggesting it is an icti id ,like many
species of Cotoneaster in the subsets Cotoneaster (Hjelmqvist 1962; Battish: et al. 2001) and within other genera of the subfamily Maloidea (Campbell & Dickinson 1990; Campbell et al. 1991). The chromosomes of cultivated material in England were recently counted by both John Bailey and Hugh McAllister, confirming O. aida isa dad 2n = 68 Otl 1: CHINA. Yunnan: Dali, E sl [C M i ktol Peak, 4 Nov 1996, J. Fryer JFWY-063 (GB); N between Zhongdian and Dali, Beahan Chiang, 22 Sep 1994, Alpine Garden Society China Expedition 1114 (E); Yunnan, Dali, on Cangshan, above a small temple, Nov 1985, C. Wingfield 772 (seed accession). SWEDEN: "e Ge grown from seed from type collection, Hylmó accession 2087, 11 Jul 1995, B. Hylmó s.n. (WTU). ENGLAND. H Clanfield, cultivated, — Gardens, seed source Wingfield 772, 29 Jun 2001, J. Fryer 758 (WTU); Hampshire, Sir Harold Hillier Coen cultivated, Hillier cession 1994.1175*A, seed source AGS China Expedition No. 2490, 2000, J. Joyce 293 (HILL), J. Joyce 13 (HILL). U.S.A. ae ae King Co.: Seattle, Washington Park Arboretum, doa accession 189-60-A, 11 Oct 2000, P.F. Zika 15550 (WTU), same shrub, 24 Jun 2006, P.F. Zika 22816 (MO, GH, NY, WTU, WTUH); same site, accession 189-60-B, 14 Dec 2006, P.F. Zika 22901 (WTU, WTUH): same site, accession 162-57-A, 24 Jun 2006, P.F. o 22815 (GH, OSC, WTU, WTUH). CANADA. BririsH COLUMBIA: Saanich, Rithets 0 Jun 2006, P.F. Zika 22807 (CAN, DAO, GH, NY, UBC, WTU), same site, 21 Oct 2007, PF Zika 23 o CAS, DAO, GH, UBC, Uc, Y, WTU).
E e
Phenology and ecology.—Flowering June to July; fruiting October to November. Natural populations in Yun- nan Province, China, are in full sun on rocky slopes over calcareous bedrock. In cultivation, Cotoneaster qungbixiensis is hardy to -18°C, and is an attractive shrub with good autumn fruit color.
Cotoneaster qungbixiensis is named for the type locality on Cangshan Mountain in Yunnan. It is closely related to C. sternianus, which differs in having leaves that are evergreen, thicker and coriaceous, broadly elliptic to broadly ovate with apex acute or acuminate and lateral veins in 4—6 pairs.
SERIES DIELSIANI G. Klotz, Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 21:991. 1972
Cotoneaster floridus J. Fryer & B. Hylmó, sp. nov. (Fig. 2). Tres: CHINA. Yunnan: Muli, Washin area, near lamasery, 5 ct 1937, TT Yi 14430 (uororveE: E; ISOTYPE: A, BM).
Affinis Cotoneaster dielsianus E. Pritz. sed foliis chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, supra planities obscurus, inflorescentiis 2—5-floris, fructu
oblongo-obovoidus differt.
Shrubs, 1.5-2 m tall. Branches erect and arched; branchlets distichous, maroon and minutely verruculose, initially pilose-strigose. Leaves deciduous, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, on sterile shoots elliptic, often broadly so, 15-25 x 11-25 mm, base cuneate or obtuse, apex acuminate or acute, lower surface whitish tomentose-pilose, upper surface dark green, dull, strigose, veins 3(4) slightly impressed pairs; petiole 3—4 mm long, strigose. Inflorescences 2—5 flowered; fertile shoots 20-40 mm long, with mostly 4 leaves; pedicels 2-6 mm long, strigose. Flowers (including hypanthium) 5-6 mm long. Hypanthium turbinate, densely strigose; sepals cuspidate or acuminate, densely strigose, membranous, reddish-brown, and glabrous near margin, margin villous. Corolla closed; petals erect-incurved, pink with dark red base and white and pink border. Stamens 14-17, filaments dark red or red with pink apex; anthers white. Fruit rich red, intensely shiny, narrowly obovoid, 10-11 mm long, sparsely pilose, calyx lobes infolded, appressed, densely pilose. Pyrenes 2—3—4 (ca. 1096—6096—3096), persistent style on abaxial surface, 2/3 from base.
Growing large batches of seed yields uniform plants, suggesting this is another apomictic species, but the chromosomes have not been studied to confirm this.
Other specimens examined: CHINA. YUNNAN: Chungtien [Zhongdian], Pica, 30 Oct 1937, T.T. Yü 13905 (A, BM, E). ENGLAND. Hamp- SHIRE: Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, cultivated, Hillier accession 1992.0451*B, 2001, J. Joyce 329 (HILL).
Cotoneaster floridus is named for its florid red ins Es is closely related to S E E. Pritz ex Diels
which differs in its thicker (cori eaves with PI gntiy rug and shiny, inflorescences 3-7(-10) flowered, and in its globose a Phenology and ecology.—Flowering June; fruiting September to October. Little is] bout its habitat
or associates where it is native in China, in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces. In cultivation it is hardy to -21°C.
Cotoneaster floridus is frequently found in cultivation as C. rubens hort. non W.W. Sm., a misnomer under which it was distributed as seed from the Royal Horticultural Society Wisley Gardens in England. It can also be found under the name e dielsianus var. rubens hort. Unfortunately, Professor Yü's collection
bers have | confused in cultivation, hence various species of Cotoneaster can sometimes be found
SE a single collection number.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the herbaria cited for loans and access to specimens, we are grateful to John Bailey and Hugh McAllister for chromosome counts , and extend ppreciation to Ken Chambers, Allen Coombes, Randall Hitchin, John Jewsbury, Peter Hylmó, and Peter Zika for research assistance. We also appreciate the helpful comments of David Bouford (GH) and an anonymous reviewer.
REFERENCES
Barts, IN. B. Hyimô, and H. Nysom. 2001. RAPD analysis of interspecific relationships in presumably apomictic Cotoneaster species. Euphytica 120:273-280.
CAMPBELL, C.S. and T.A. Dickinson. 1990. Apomixis, patterns of morphological variation and species concepts in subfam. Maloideae (Rosaceae). Syst. Bot. 15:124-135.
CampseLL, C.S., CW. Greene, and T.A. Dickinson. 1991. Reproductive biology in subfam. Maloideae (Rosaceae). Syst Bot. 16:333-349.
Hue. vovsr, H. 1962. The embryo sac development of some Cotoneaster species. Bot. Not. 115:208-256.
MELIOSMA ANTIOQUIENSIS: UNA NUEVA SABIACEAE DE COLOMBIA
Xavier Cornejo The New York Botanical Garden 200" St. and Kazimiroff Ave. SOn New York 1 0438- 5126 a S. id
Ej id A - +? — Soc
RESUMEN
Cag -7 : | EVI (Calz a ATA Aca : Colombia Est I IF 1 ? E E F1 . - 1.4 Iw es S | 1 i J: L 3 Iu
fai h] lad ] t 1 Ee
en las ramas, pétalos internos muy pequeños, bífidos y estilos muy duédoso o ausentes.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Sabiaceae, Meliosma, pétalos bífidos, endémica, Colombia
ABSTRACT
f Meli (Sabi ) is described f. he Depart f Anti dee Ti is characterized by having large
PA leaf blades with attenuate, decurrent base, paniculate infl ] gI fl , that are laxly arranged,
very small, bifid inner petals, and very short or absent stv vies
Key W Sabi , Meliosma antioquiensis, bifid petals, endemic, Antioquia, Colombia
INTRODUCCIÓN
Meliosma Blume (Sabiaceae) es un género de árboles y arbustos nativos de Asia y América tropical. En el Neotrópico comprende ca. 70 especies, y se encuentra distribuido desde México hasta Brasil, Bolivia y las Indias Occidentales (Gentry 2001; Morales 2003; Arbeláez 2004; Cornejo, unpubl.). En América del Sur Meliosma se encuentra concentrado al norte de los Andes (Gentry 1980, 1986, 1992, 2001; Cornejo 2006), pero el conocimiento taxonómico de muchas de las especies andinas de este género es aún limitado debido a la falta o insuficiencia de especímenes con flores en los herbarios. En la mona grata de Meliosma para Co- oia Geen & EE SE se trataron 12 especies, seis de | f nuevas para la ciencia Post han sido descritas para la flora de este país (Cuatrecasas & Idrobo 1988; Cuatrecasas 1988; Idrobo 1988). Al revisar el material colombiano, encontré la siguiente novedad.
Meliosma antioquiensis X. Cornejo, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2). Tiro: COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Mun. Urrao, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas, margen derecha del Río Calles, en el filo NW de la Cabaña de Calles, bp-PM, Parcela G, subparcela G-13, 06°32'N 76°19'W, 1450 m, 14 Oct 1993 (fl), A. Cogollo, A. Duque, E Giraldo, W. Rodríguez & J. Vélez 6887 (HoLotipo: NY-937622; isóTIPO: MO-5010854).
L
T e
Speciei Meliosma ee Urb. similis, a qua differt foli tiolis | ioribus (1,5-3,5 cm nec 0,3-1,1 cm), floris pedicellatis
(0,7—1 mm nec ca. P bifid
(nec sessilis),
0,1 mm, nec E 0,8-1 mm). Árbol 5 m de alto. Ramas jóvenes densamente estrigosas. Hojas espiraladas; pecíolos 1,5-3,5 cm (incl. pul- vínulo 1-1,5 cm) x 4-6 mm, densamente estrigosos; lámina oblanceolada, firmemente cartácea, 40-60 x 15-20 cm, haz café PES al secar, x densamente estrigoso hacia la base del nervio medio, el resto de la lámina glabro, envés café l , estrigoso a lo largo del nervio medio, el resto de la lámina glabro, con
numerosos e inconspicuos puntos elle de color rojizo-marrón; ápice + redondeado, base atenuada, decurrente y obtusa en el extremo basal, margen suavemente repando y remotamente dentado, con incon- spicuos y dispersos dientes dispuestos hacia la porción distal de la lámina, nervios secundarios ca. 20-30 pares, fuertemente prominentes en el envés, broquidódromos, nervios terciarios reticulados, prominentes en el envés. Inflorescencia una panícula axilar y subterminal, laxa, ca. 50-65 cm, con ramificaciones hasta
J. Bot. Res. Inst, Texas 2(1): 57 — 60. 2008
copyright reserve
COLUMBIA
SADIARLEAZ SS doses ANVIOQUEMS (= 6.1 709 Tu, NEO, ue. ao.
fintioguia: Urrao Municipio : dar OUR 3
Voresda Callen. P Mactroral | ure "ias DrguaideeeU. Margin art sel Ei Celli Ze Senn U. Tria NB ye la
voa chm we ES Ek Parcela " athe tied... Ej Col#eetade con A Fique, T. Di w,. "c gues EK J. Veloz. Ge 32 'm Ye "t 6T gn &rbol. 3 o Fier Di ce con cé] verde.
Ka WEEK
A. Eeneilo wn ai, EDT
Supported by National Ceographic Society
JARDIN BOTANIC J. A. LDRIB'U (JAUM) MISEOLRO BOTANICAL GARDEN (MO)
pn
lis! T
J
A. Cog
tal. 6887 (NY).
Fic 1 TT NL
Cornejo, U H M | | Y, sl? ol Fal LE 59
Së
vow a
oen mimm PAE
ZX wë CN
1 mm
weg At par
A ZE e Ki Géi * » 5 DN 4 -
a
- rd v a”. Ca Mit
dfe
^ B
Fic. 2. Meli tí is X. Corne jo AO to estil tami átalo ext ición hacia | tesis. B Un pétalo
interno. Dibujo del holótipo, A. Cogollo et al. 6887 (NY).
de 4 to orden, densamente i idit pedunculo principal ca. 5 mm diám., ramas secundarias 5-20 cm, las de tercer y cuarto orden con fl laxamente dispuestas; brácteas florales ovadas a lanceoladas, 0,6—1,2 x 0,3-0,5 mm, ciliadas; pediceles 1,5-2,5 mm, mayormente ebracteolados. Sépalos 5, ovados a deltoides o suborbiculares, ca. 0,7-1 x 0,6-1 mm, verdes (en vivo), margen ciliado, el resto glabro. Pétalos externos 5, 1,2-1,8 x 1-2 mm, + suborbiculares, blancos (en vivo), glabros; pétalos internos 2, oblongoides, 0,7-1 mm, cuya longitud es aproximadamente la mitad de la de los estambres, adnados hacia la base de los filamentos, glabros, bífidos en el ápice. Estambres fértiles 2, 1-1,7 mm. Ovario subgloboso, ca. 0,5 mm,
negro al , £labro; estilo au o muy corto, ca. 0,1 mm, estigma truncado, no diferenciado, con orificio
estigmático a veces visible en forma de cruz. Infructescencias glabrescentes, frutos asimétricos obovados, 1,72 x 1,3-1,7 cm, 1-quillados, púrpura obscuro al madurar
PARÁTIPO. COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Mun. Urrao, Vereda Calles, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas, margen derecha del Río Calles, en el filo NW de la Cabaña de Calles, bp-PM, Parcela G, subparcela G-22, 6º32'N 76°19’W, 1450 m, 19 Oct 1993 (fr), 4, Cogollo, A. Duque, F. Giraldo, W. Rodríguez & J. Vélez 7197 (MO).
Etimologia. —El epíteto “antioquiensis” se refiere a la localidad del tipo.
Distribución. — Conocida solamente de la localidad del tipo.
ls MA MN es una s las especies ne este género que posee las hojas mas grandes en América del Sur. Vegeta! a M. donnel i, distribuida en Costa Rica y Nicaragua (Gentry 2001;
wl
Morales 2003), pero facilmente se diferencia de ésta por tener las hojas con los peciolos más largos (1,5-3,5
vs. 0,3-1,1 cm), las flores pediceladas están laxamente dispuestas a lo largo de las ramificaciones (vs. sésiles, densas), los pétalos internos son más pequeños (0,7—1 vs. ca. 1,8 mm), éstos poseen el ápice bífido (vs. en- tero) y el estilo si presente es muy corto (ca. 0,1 vs. 0,8-1 mm, linear). Por sus flores pediceladas con pétalos internos bífidos, distintivamente más pequeños que los estambres y estilo muy corto, Meliosma antioquiensis es parecida a la especie colombiana M. ellipticifolia Cuatrec. Sin embargo, esta última difiere por presentar láminas foliares mucho más pequeñas (7-12 x 3,5-5 cm), con menor número de nervios laterales (9-11),
60 j t tanical h Insti Texas 2(
peciolos más cortos (0,6—1 cm), inflorescencia más corta (8—12 cm), y flores con sépalos más grandes (1,5—2 mm). Por sus grandes láminas foliares Meliosma antioquiensis es algo similar a M. itatiaiae Urb., restringida a las tierras bajas de Brasil, pero ésta presenta hojas con peciolos más cortos (ca. 1 cm), láminas con base redondeada hasta subauriculada y margen fuertemente aserrado, con curvos dientes corniculados e inflo- rescencias opuestas a las hojas, más densas, que portan flores sésiles.
AGRADECIMIENTOS
A Rosa Ortíz-Gentry (MO) y un revisor anónimo por sus constructivos comentarios del manuscrito y a Jim
Solomon por coordinar el préstamo de las colecciones de MO.
REFERENCIAS
AnBtLÁEZ, A. 2004. Two new species of Meliosma (Sabiaceae) from Bolivia. Novon 14:12-16. Cornejo, X. 2006. Meliosma stellata, una nueva Sabiaceae de Ecuador. Novon 16: 328-330. CUATRECASAS, J. 1988. Miscellaneous notes on Neotropical Flora XVII. New species of Meliosma. Phytologia
CUATRECASAS, J. & J.M. IDrOBO. 1955. El género Meliosma en Colombia. Caldasia 7:187-211.
CUATRECASAS, J. & J.M. loroso. 1988. Tres nuevas especies de Meliosma Blume (Sabiaceae) de Colombia. Ernstia 49:8-14.
Gentry, AH. 1980. Sabiaceae. In: R.E. Woodson, Jr, RW. Schery & W.G. D'Arcy, eds. Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67:949-963.
Gentry, A.H. 1986. New neotropical species of Meliosma (Sabiaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 73:820-824.
Gentry, A.H. 1992. Four new species of Meliosma (Sabiaceae) from Peru. Novon 2:155-158.
Gentry, A.H. 2001. Sabiaceae En: W.D. Stevens, C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool y O. M. Montiel, eds). Flora de Nicaragua, 3:2303-2306. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis Missouri.
IbROBO, J.M. 1988. Una Sabiaceae nueva de la Flora de Mutis. Mutisia 72:1-3.
MORALES, J.F. 2003. Sinopsis del género Meli (Sabiaceae ) en Costa Rica y Panamá, con tres nuevas especies. Sida 20:931-943.
ANISOCAPPARIS Y MONILICARPA: DOS NUEVOS GÉNEROS DE CAPPARACEAE DE AMÉRICA DEL SUR
Xavier Cornejo Hugh H litis
The New York Botanical Garden Department of Botany h St. and Kazimiroff Avenue University of Wisconsin Bronx, New York 10458-5126, U.S.A. 430 Lincoln Drive
Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A.
swisecharter.net
A. Spencer Tomb Division of Biolo Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas 66506, U.S.A.
mbeksu.edu RESUMEN Ts E ] : L 1 Lr io T a ER iustrad Ani is X Cornejo HH Iltis, o 3 e e Er ir ae tor; r1 41; sna] EE 153 lesu DEE lesde | f] ión, nectarios Ir E ^ B
fi 1 P ERR PP " Mn
eL A e]
EE fuertemente UTE con un eee oe x compacto y otro menor muy di o ausente. Anisocapparis es un
e Pu fof + A D a D oa: LN az a L gi a ayes F H PI I ( ) Corio & H.H dis. comb. nov. g g I p a & E Tab dé b e Las 1 12 Ba PE E ET a cp H.H. Htis I I , hasta de y I inflorescencias. f] Ali anal ño hi i ios floral ] discifi en cuvos E O L L l L i SÉ E H + L a AS f. 1 1 + 1 cry H 1 1 q 7 r fw A xu voran FL 1 fa | [ul A 1z 4 1 Beg) (A E ] E H 1.7 J 1 A EN :11 1: FALLOS Lal Lo E d 1 r DA | Je Lan A ge J 1 J dal LA ] A I ? E E I E r I Monilicarpa tenuisiliqua (Jacq.) X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis, comb. nov., distribuid l norte de Colombia y Venezuela y Monilicarpa brasiliana (Banks ex DC), X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis, comb. nov., disyunta al este de Brasil discuten | laci d | 5 zx — A 1 1 , ds en us eee : 1 mS m Pm 1 La aj 1 A E » t F 5 EF J t D : E
PALABRAS CLAVE: Anisocapparis, Monilicarpa, Capparis, Capparidastrum, Capparaceae, new genera, Sudamérica
ABSTRACT
Texn nor Caith A : 4 - A a H HH 1 ius 1 : S : ES = ; i X. E H. Iltis, y g I vces, y ) g E ` - : P " H 1
Fara]
which nave a Pup pae cotyledon and a a very reduced or even totally i dd minor cotyledon Anisocapparis is is a a monotypic
genus, Argentina 1 e o D + EE speciosa (Griseb. ) X. HE & H. H. Tis, comb. SE proposed for a ver li ies herein transferred from Capparis s.l. second genu pror p ESA & H.H. Iltis. This is segregated a virtue s its Rasa ei n to Toad fib | ] ] flows: re nit a carincanalaimie renha that anntaime a cmall hem am D ^ a I 4 PEU ds if " aq ER A [Leib ] f. ] $ " TL Er) ` jua l+ " 1 ] y, e edges of whorls, solían grains with a striato-reticulat d if li torulose fruits of owly-attenuate ape peeing a ae row of 114 1d T1 le dedu ge a AR Ewech Ads f «I f. Lt W x DEI YA 3 XA É D Á L D L M Ls X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis, comb. nov., f tl Colombia and A and Monilicarpa brasili (Bank DC.) x. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis, comb. nov., disjunct to E Brazil. TI lationshi di d, and a key to the American genera of
Capparaceae with simple leaves, glabrous or with a simple bs is also provided. Key Wonps: Anisocapparis, Monilicarpa, Capparis, Capparidastrum, Capparaceae, new genera, South America
Capparis L. s.s. es un pequeño género de distribución casi estrictamente Holárctica, centrado alrededor de su tipo Capparis spinosa L., la especie proveedora de las conocidas alcaparras y alcaparrones comestibles,
] Rot. Rec Inst Tava« 2(1): 61 — 74, 2008
62 J t tani tit Texas 2(
que son los botones florales utilizados como condimento y entremés y los frutos respectivamente (Iltis & SOHO SEN Los EE s.s. son Ar bugt Usan mente po o pendulares que poseen un par de ilare itarias, zigomorfas, erectas, con el
sépalo abaxial EEn (en forma de ad. eege con pétalos le: “androginóforo ausente, estambres en número de 50 hasta numerosos y nectarios florales con el ápice dirigido hacia el interior de la flor (Inocencio et al. 2006). Desde Linneo, la mayoría de las especies americanas de hojas simples de Capparaceae s.s. (excepto Morisonia L. y posteriormente Steriphoma Spreng. ) han sido incluidas y conocidas como M ao s.l., un ince extremadamente poménico y Deiere cuyos representantes americanos a tipo es molecularmente más cercano a Apophyllum F. Muell.,
Lit
un género de dee enemies de Australia, antes que a Md Capparis del Nuevo Monde (Hall et al. 2002: 1839; Inocencio et al. 2006: 123). Basado en gicos, Hutchinson (1967: 307) concluyó que más de un género debía de ser reconocido en Capparis s.l., y propuso su reordenamiento genérico. 5in embargo, debido a la falta de un conocimiento satisfactorio y a las muy incompletas colecciones de las espe- cies de esta familia en América hace 40 afios atrás, el reordenamiento genérico de Capparis s.l. propuesto por Hutchinson prácticamente ha sido ignorado.
En aiios recientes, al realizar los estudios de Capp para Flora? | y Flora de Ecuador (Iltis & Cornejo, ms. sometido; Cornejo & Iltis, en prep.), con base a las colecciones Gees relativa- mente más completas obtenidas en las pasadas décadas, así como meticulosas Io en pe ha llegado a ser claro que los Capparis s.l. de América son divisibles en varios géneros Cornejo & Iltis 2006, 20083, b, c; Iltis & Cornejo 2007, 2008).
En los Capparis s.l. de América, el tipo de pubescencia es un caracter m útil, estable, bien definido y confiable (Iltis et al. Po Desde este pue Es vista, los Capparis sl dividen en dos grandes grupos, que están j t ados con el número cromosómico: 1) los de ec simple o glabros, y 2) los de pul ia peltada a estrellada, candelabra o dendroidea (Iltis & Cornejo, manuscrito sometido). Entre los Capparis s.l. de pubescencia simple o glabros están "v géneros Cynophalla (DC.) J. Presl y Capparidastrum Hutch. I pect le e ás un nuevo género
de este grupo están en proceso (Cornejo & Iltis 2008b, C). Ene esta publicación se presentan dos nuevos géneros sudamericanos pertenecientes al grupo de las Capparaceae de hojas y pubescencias
simples.
Para obtener las imágenes de polen se tomaron prefloraciones justo antes de la antesis de los espe- címenes respectivos (Vogel 483, de Michel 156, Gentry et al. 10992, Santos et al. 2066, Mori & Kallunki 5379) que reposan en el herbario WIS y fueron enviadas a la Estación de Agricultura Experimental de Kansas (Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station). Éstas prefloraciones fueron suavizadas en KOH al 10 % y acetolizadas de acuerdo con Erdtman (1960). Las muestras de polen fueron dividas en dos grupos para ser estudiadas en el microscopio de luz (ML) y en el microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM). Para ML, las muestras de polen fueron montadas en un gel de glicerina y examinadas con un microscopio óptico Zeiss Universal de campo brillante. Para SEM, las muestras de polen fueron suspendidas en agua destilada, pipeteadas sobre un portaobjetos y secadas al ambiente. Las muestras fueron rociadas y recubiertas con una película de oro- paladio y examinadas con un microscopio electrónico Eteck Autoscan SEM, en la Estación de Agricultura Experimental de Kansas. Las placas con los respectivos granos de polen y las imágenes SEM reposan en el herbario WIS de la Universidad de Wisconsin, en Madison
l. nd X. pua € H.H. Iltis, gen. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 4). Trus: Capparis speciosa Griseb.
5 impl l glab , folia simple, espiralata, sempervirens, i fl inalia et/vel solitaria et axilaria, flori lyx dialisepalis 2-seriatis, d ti E d nectariae 4- EE T duo EE duo minoribus, poll btili ticulatus, f D ind
^ b E 1 li ar] s JL DN ] , anisocotila, iled joril | bgloboso, to et albo:
Árbustos o árboles, glabros o con pubescencia de delicados y frágiles pelos simples. Hojas simples, espirala- das, con peciolos cortos de similar longitud y articulados con las ramas, pulvínulo aparentemente ausente
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Fic. 2. Anisocapparis X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis, ivo: | inal i i tesis, escala 1 cm. Foto tomada en Bolivia, Dept. Santa Cruz, Prov. Caballero, 64°28'W 17º59.84'5, 1650 m, 8 Ago 2003,
en los especímenes secos. Inflorescencias en racimos pate GE ido flor ada y nd ien distintivamente 2-seriado, decusado-imbricado y anisosépalo desde las pretioraciones Jóvenes, los dos sépalos externos de menos de la mitad del tamaño que ios dos sépalos internos. Een nectarias cuatro, puce las, dimórficas, escuamiformes y carnosas, éstas son una proyección de la capa carnosa del tejido nectario
que cubre al receptáculo. Las escamas mayores son transversalmente SCH geg hasta semicirculares,
siempre más anchas que altas y varían desde rectas hasta có ia el receptáculo, a manera de una concha. Corola de aestivación torsiva y/o imbricada, MEM 4, sésiles, insertos en el receptáculo. Estambres exsertos, ca. 20-50, insertos al mismo nivel sobre un grueso andróforo carnoso (en vivo), éste es plano y a veces algo expandido en el ápice, a manera de un torus (nectarífero?); los estambres internos son glabros, los estambres externos poseen filamentos abundantemente pubescentes en la base, con tricomas unicelulares, + complanados, + transparentes; anteras basifijas, granos de polen tricolpados, prolados, con una ornamentación finamente reticulada. Fruto un pepo pendular, globoso o subgloboso, con un pericarpo coriáceo, flexible y con una pulpa de color amarillo hasta anaranjado brillante en la madurez. Semillas uno hasta ocho, con testa dura, subleñosa,